{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:16:57Z","timestamp":1790817417008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T11:46:33Z","timestamp":1563968793000},"page":"1016-1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Associated with and without Pachychoroid Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Hata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Tagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Akagi-Kurashige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotaro","family":"Ooto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ueda-Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akitaka","family":"Tsujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199010010-00001","article-title":"Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV)","volume":"10","author":"Yannuzzi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2010.03.004","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a review","volume":"55","author":"Imamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31826b0bbe","article-title":"The time course changes of choroidal neovascularization in angioid streaks","volume":"33","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15733","article-title":"Sorsby fundus dystrophy: novel mutations, novel phenotypic characteristics, and treatment outcomes","volume":"56","author":"Gliem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13114","article-title":"Understanding aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy): a lesson in the taxonomy of \u2018expanded spectra\u2019\u2014a review","volume":"46","author":"Dansingani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182680a66","article-title":"Type 1 (sub-retinal pigment epithelial) neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Fung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib7","first-page":"1659","volume":"33","author":"Warrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy. Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000331","volume":"35","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16204","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16204","article-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Miyake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000774","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a distinct disease or manifestation of many?","volume":"36","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000287","article-title":"Pachychoroid: an inherited condition?","volume":"35","author":"Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20967","article-title":"Intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor levels in pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Hata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28484-w","article-title":"Distinct aqueous humour cytokine profiles of patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Terao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31824f91e8","article-title":"EVEREST study: efficacy and safety of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in combination with ranibizumab or alone versus ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"32","author":"Koh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.037","article-title":"LAPTOP study: a 24-month trial of verteporfin versus ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"121","author":"Oishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4030","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ranibizumab with or without verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"135","author":"Koh","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.025","article-title":"Two-year results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"146","author":"Kurashige","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2137-y","article-title":"Two-year outcome of photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"251","author":"Nakata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2675-6","article-title":"Two-year visual outcome of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy treated with photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab","volume":"253","author":"Hata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.014","article-title":"Incidence rate of massive submacular hemorrhage and its risk factors in polypoidal\u00a0choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"169","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01218-1","article-title":"The Age-Related Eye Disease Study system for classifying age-related macular degeneration from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study report number 6","volume":"132","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.04.021","article-title":"Ultra-widefield imaging with autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"158","author":"Pang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199616030-00004","article-title":"Indocyanine green videoangiography of older patients with central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"16","author":"Spaide","year":"1996","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181c72068","article-title":"Punctate hyperfluorescent spots associated with central serous chorioretinopathy as seen on indocyanine green angiography","volume":"30","author":"Tsujikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7874","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14610","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal injection of aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with or without choroidal vascular hyperpermeability","volume":"55","author":"Hata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200502000-00002","article-title":"Guidelines for using verteporfin (Visudyne) in photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration and other causes: update","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0562-0","article-title":"Efficacy of treat-and-extend regimen with aflibercept for pachychoroid neovasculopathy and type 1 neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"62","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.10.030","article-title":"Subfoveal retinal and choroidal thickness after verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"151","author":"Maruko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.09.003","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"37","author":"Nowak-Sliwinska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182852446","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: evidence-based guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment","volume":"33","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.09.020","article-title":"Five-year follow-up results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"155","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.018","article-title":"One-year result of aflibercept treatment on age-related macular degeneration and predictive factors for visual outcome","volume":"159","author":"Oishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.05.024","article-title":"One-year results of intravitreal aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"122","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.018","article-title":"Relationship between clinical characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability","volume":"155","author":"Koizumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.053","article-title":"Factors associated with recurrence of age-related macular degeneration after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"122","author":"Kuroda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001370","article-title":"Incidence and causes of vision loss during aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year follow-up","volume":"37","author":"Hata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75575-8","article-title":"Factors prognostic of visual outcome in patients with subretinal hemorrhage","volume":"109","author":"Bennett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.020","article-title":"Outcomes of eyes with lesions composed of >50% blood in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT)","volume":"122","author":"Altaweel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.267","article-title":"Management of extensive subfoveal haemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Sacu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001689","article-title":"Disease expression in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration varies with choroidal thickness","volume":"38","author":"Spaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019304427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019304427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:26:04Z","timestamp":1762853164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653019304427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653019304427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Associated with and without Pachychoroid Phenotypes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}