{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T14:58:58Z","timestamp":1783781938535,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019320","name":"ONL Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018550","name":"Lowy Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T19:18:15Z","timestamp":1573499895000},"page":"1138-1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Nonresponders to Ranibizumab Anti-VEGF Treatment Are Actually Short-term Responders: A Prospective Spectral-Domain OCT Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Bontzos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saghar","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Ioanidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Datseris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Gragoudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatina","family":"Kabanarou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miltiadis","family":"Tsilimbaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrios G.","family":"Vavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.2.9","article-title":"VEGF: from discovery to therapy: The Champalimaud Award Lecture","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib2","first-page":"119","article-title":"Advances in age-related macular degeneration understanding and therapy","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"US Ophthalmic Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"355","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.018","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study","volume":"116","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481","article-title":"Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"355","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0601","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacokinetics of ranibizumab (rhuFabV2) after a single intravitreal administration","volume":"46","author":"Gaudreault","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.10.052","article-title":"Ranibizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a phase I\/II multicenter, controlled, multidose study","volume":"113","author":"Heier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.01.043","article-title":"Maximum tolerated dose of a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"112","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182831265","article-title":"A\u00a012-month prospective trial of inject and extend regimen for ranibizumab treatment of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Toalster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.07.014","article-title":"Treat-and-extend versus monthly regimen in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results with ranibizumab from the TREND Study","volume":"125","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303394","article-title":"Different antivascular endothelial growth factor treatments and regimens and their outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a literature review","volume":"97","author":"Lanzetta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3647-4","article-title":"The Vision Academy Steering Committee. Fundamental principles of an anti-VEGF treatment regimen: optimal application of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy of macular diseases","volume":"255","author":"Lanzetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S46317","article-title":"Initial non-responders to ranibizumab in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)","volume":"7","author":"Otsuji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303513","article-title":"Non-responders to treatment with antagonists of vascular endothelial growth factor in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"97","author":"Krebs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13519","article-title":"Association between CFH, CFB, ARMS2, SERPINF1, VEGFR1 and VEGF polymorphisms and anatomical and functional response to ranibizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"96","author":"Cobos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.006","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"119","author":"Heier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib17","first-page":"1987","article-title":"A\u00a0pharmacogenetics study to predict outcome in patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy in age related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Kitchens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.011","article-title":"Characteristics of patients losing vision after 2 years of monthly dosing in the phase III ranibizumab clinical trials","volume":"118","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.48","article-title":"Defining response to anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD","volume":"29","author":"Amoaku","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.027","article-title":"Tolerability and efficacy of multiple escalating doses of ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"113","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.01.028","article-title":"An optical coherence tomography-guided, variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"143","author":"Fung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib22","first-page":"434","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic rationale for dosing every 2 weeks versus 4 weeks with intravitreal ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept (vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-eye)","volume":"32","author":"Stewart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0619-0","article-title":"Bevacizumab dosing every 2 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to monthly dosing","volume":"62","author":"Mimouni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6501","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17279","article-title":"Ranibizumab and aflibercept: intraocular pharmacokinetics and their effects on aqueous VEGF level in vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized macaque eyes","volume":"56","author":"Niwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.047","article-title":"Intraocular pharmacokinetics of ranibizumab following a single intravitreal injection in humans","volume":"154","author":"Krohne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.047","article-title":"Intraocular pharmacokinetics of ranibizumab following a single intravitreal injection in humans","volume":"154","author":"Christoforidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0066-y","article-title":"Aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor and clinical outcomes correlation after single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Cabral","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21053","article-title":"Prediction of anti-VEGF treatment requirements in neovascular AMD using a machine learning approach","volume":"58","author":"Bogunovi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib29","first-page":"4694","article-title":"Genetic association with response to intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with neovascular AMD","volume":"52","author":"Kloeckener-Gruissem","year":"2011","journal-title":"IOVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.042","article-title":"Ranibizumab treatment outcomes in phakic versus pseudophakic eyes: an individual patient data analysis of 2 phase 3 trials","volume":"120","author":"Weinberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.05.039","article-title":"Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: intraocular cytokines and growth factors and the influence of therapy with ranibizumab","volume":"116","author":"Funk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.014","article-title":"Twelve-month efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg ranibizumab in patients with subfoveal neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Busbee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2011.204685","article-title":"Bevacizumab and ranibizumab tachyphylaxis in the treatment of choroidal neovascularisation","volume":"96","author":"Gasperini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.07.007","article-title":"Is there tachyphylaxis to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor pharmacotherapy in age-related macular degeneration?","volume":"115","author":"Schaal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1689","article-title":"Quantitative subanalysis of optical coherence tomography after treatment with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"49","author":"Keane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181a2c1c3","article-title":"Tachyphylaxis after intravitreal bevacizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Forooghian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2011.203893","article-title":"Tachyphylaxis during treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration with ranibizumab","volume":"96","author":"Egh\u00f8j","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib38","first-page":"846","article-title":"Tachyphylaxis during ranibizumab treatment of exudative age- related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Doguizi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.015","article-title":"Risk of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials","volume":"121","author":"Grunwald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.09.012","article-title":"Regression of choroidal neovascularization results in macular atrophy in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-treated eyes","volume":"159","author":"Channa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120231","article-title":"VEGF\/VEGFR2 blockade does not cause retinal atrophy in AMD-relevant models","volume":"3","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102673","article-title":"Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"364","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019306281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019306281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:28:46Z","timestamp":1762853326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653019306281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653019306281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nonresponders to Ranibizumab Anti-VEGF Treatment Are Actually Short-term Responders: A Prospective Spectral-Domain OCT Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}