{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:36:06Z","timestamp":1786995366849,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stem Cells, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1592395287000},"page":"32-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Human Central Nervous System Stem Cell Subretinal Transplantation on Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Muneeswar G.","family":"Nittala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Uji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swetha Bindu","family":"Velaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3883-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Naor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rand","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8461-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Capela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas R.","family":"Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.03.006","article-title":"Development of human embryonic stem cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001283","article-title":"Clinical endpoints for the study of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Sadda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib4","first-page":"25","article-title":"The natural history of geographic atrophy, the advanced atrophic form of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Sunness","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17681","article-title":"Stem cell therapy in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"57","author":"Kashani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12185","article-title":"Stem cell-based treatment in geographic atrophy: promises and pitfalls","volume":"92","author":"Kvanta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.044","article-title":"Systemic complement inhibition with eculizumab for geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: the COMPLETE study","volume":"121","author":"Yehoshua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1544","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lampalizumab for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: Chroma and Spectri phase 3 randomized clinical trials","volume":"21287","author":"Holz","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11650","article-title":"Treatment of geographic atrophy with subconjunctival sirolimus: results of a phase I\/II clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.11.023","article-title":"Geographic atrophy: clinical features and potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"121","author":"Holz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000606","article-title":"Phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, 90-day study of emixustat hydrochloride in geographic atrophy associated with dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Dugel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318265801d","article-title":"Investigation of oral fenretinide for treatment of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Mata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492012000100016","article-title":"New approaches and potential treatments for dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"75","author":"Damico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6131","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5637","article-title":"Treatment of geographic atrophy by the topical administration of OT-551: results of a phase II clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61376-3","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt\u2019s macular dystrophy: follow-up of two open-label phase 1\/2 studies","volume":"385","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1028","article-title":"Stem cells as a therapeutic tool for the blind: biology and future prospects","volume":"278","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608368","article-title":"Autologous induced stem-cell\u2013derived retinal cells for macular degeneration","volume":"376","author":"Mandai","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60028-2","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell trials for macular degeneration: a preliminary report","volume":"379","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6745","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12860","article-title":"Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments by transplanted human neural stem cells as a neuroprotective mechanism in retinal degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Cuenca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07970.x","article-title":"Transplantation of human central nervous system stem cells\u2014neuroprotection in retinal degeneration","volume":"35","author":"McGill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.3.43","article-title":"Subretinal transplantation of human central nervous system stem cells stimulates controlled proliferation of endogenous retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"8","author":"McGill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90340-8","article-title":"Enlargement of atrophy and visual acuity loss in the geographic atrophy form of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"106","author":"Sunness","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e887","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14085","article-title":"Semi-automated quantification of geographic atrophy with blue-light autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a comparison between the region finder and the advanced retinal pigment epithelium tool in the clinical setting","volume":"97","author":"Reumueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04368-1","article-title":"Directional kinetics analysis of the progression of geographic atrophy","volume":"257","author":"Uji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.028","article-title":"Consensus definition for atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration on OCT: Classification of Atrophy report 3","volume":"125","author":"Sadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.016","article-title":"The long-term natural history of geographic atrophy from age-related macular degeneration. Enlargement of atrophy and implications for interventional clinical trials","volume":"114","author":"Sunness","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.027","article-title":"Directional kinetics of geographic atrophy progression in age-related macular degeneration with foveal sparing","volume":"122","author":"Lindner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","article-title":"The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.10.1350","article-title":"Transplantation of autologous iris pigment epithelium after removal of choroidal neovascular membranes","volume":"118","author":"Thumann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00184273","article-title":"Transplantation of fetal retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration with subfoveal neovascularization","volume":"232","author":"Algvere","year":"1994","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219900900310","article-title":"Long-term outcome of RPE allografts in non-immunosuppressed patients with AMD","volume":"9","author":"Algvere","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.04.009","article-title":"Vision improvement in retinal degeneration patients by implantation of retina together with retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"146","author":"Radtke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.8.1159","article-title":"Vision change after sheet transplant of fetal retina with retinal pigment epithelium to a patient with retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"122","author":"Radtke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0118","article-title":"Outcome of transplantation of autologous retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration: a prospective trial","volume":"45","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012_bib35","first-page":"3142","article-title":"Histologic correlation of human neural retinal transplantation","volume":"41","author":"del Cerro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653020302414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653020302414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:28:07Z","timestamp":1762853287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653020302414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653020302414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Human Central Nervous System Stem Cell Subretinal Transplantation on Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}