{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:52:18Z","timestamp":1783385538283,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHS-N-260-2005-00007-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHS-N-260-2005-00007-C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-EY-5-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-EY-5-0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007015","name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000063","name":"Office of Dietary Supplements","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000064","name":"National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005242","name":"Heed Ophthalmic Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T17:31:32Z","timestamp":1602869492000},"page":"108-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Progression of Geographic Atrophy with Subsequent Exudative Neovascular Disease in Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Agr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amitha","family":"Domalpally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Cukras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Y.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiarnan D.L.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.040","article-title":"Fifteen-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"114","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1973.01000050208006","article-title":"Drusen and disciform macular detachment and degeneration","volume":"90","author":"Gass","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.5799","article-title":"Geographic atrophy: a histopathological assessment","volume":"132","author":"Bird","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.028","article-title":"Consensus definition for atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration on OCT: Classification of Atrophy report 3","volume":"125","author":"Sadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.028","article-title":"Progression of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: AREDS2 report number 16","volume":"125","author":"Keenan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","article-title":"The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.07.011","article-title":"Complement C3 inhibitor pegcetacoplan for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a randomized phase 2 trial","volume":"127","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2019.1575358","article-title":"Complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in retinal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Kassa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22339","article-title":"Report from the NEI\/FDA Endpoints Workshop on Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Inherited Retinal Diseases","volume":"58","author":"Csaky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.12.002","article-title":"Imaging protocols in clinical studies in advanced age-related macular degeneration: recommendations from Classification of Atrophy Consensus Meetings","volume":"124","author":"Holz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001283","article-title":"Clinical endpoints for the study of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Sadda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.034","article-title":"Anatomic clinical trial endpoints for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"123","author":"Schaal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.07.009","article-title":"Treatment-naive quiescent choroidal neovascularization in geographic atrophy secondary to nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"182","author":"Capuano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217805","article-title":"Progression of subclinical choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Heiferman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration data: Consensus on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Nomenclature Study Group","volume":"127","author":"Spaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.030","article-title":"Natural history of subclinical neovascularization in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration using swept-source OCT angiography","volume":"125","author":"de Oliveira Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20151008-02","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography reveals mature, tangled vascular networks in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration showing resistance to geographic atrophy","volume":"46","author":"Dansingani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.016","article-title":"Type 1 choroidal neovascularization is associated with reduced localized progression of atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Pfau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001766","article-title":"Progression of macular atrophy in eyes with type 1 neovascularization and age-related macular degeneration receiving long-term intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: an optical coherence tomographic angiography analysis","volume":"38","author":"Christenbury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.027","article-title":"The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2): study design and baseline characteristics (AREDS2 report number 1)","volume":"119","author":"Chew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.027","article-title":"The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2): study design and baseline characteristics (AREDS2 report number 1)","volume":"119","author":"Chew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4548","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11804","article-title":"Methods and reproducibility of grading optimized digital color fundus photographs in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2 report number 2)","volume":"54","author":"Danis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.07.022","article-title":"Prevalence, risk, and genetic association of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 report 21","volume":"126","author":"Domalpally","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib24","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Measuring geographic atrophy in advanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Sunness","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448","article-title":"A\u00a0large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants","volume":"48","author":"Fritsche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126636","article-title":"Clinical and genetic factors associated with progression of geographic atrophy lesions in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Grassmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.572","article-title":"Square root transformation of geographic atrophy area measurements to eliminate dependence of growth rates on baseline lesion measurements: a reanalysis of Age-Related Eye Disease Study report no. 26","volume":"131","author":"Feuer","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.044","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of asymptomatic neovascularization in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"123","author":"Roisman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181d50cbf","article-title":"Long-term follow-up for type 1 (subretinal pigment epithelium) neovascularization using a modified \u201ctreat and extend\u201d dosing regimen of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy","volume":"30","author":"Engelbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000374","article-title":"Geographic atrophy in patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5985","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25032","article-title":"OCT angiography and cone photoreceptor imaging in geographic atrophy","volume":"59","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002182","article-title":"Histology of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a multilayer approach","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.003","article-title":"Choriocapillaris breakdown precedes retinal degeneration in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Biesemeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.6.745","article-title":"Histopathologic and ultrastructural findings of surgically excised choroidal neovascularization. Submacular Surgery Trials Research Group","volume":"116","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.042","article-title":"Choroidal neovascularization","volume":"137","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.040","article-title":"Nonexudative macular neovascularization supporting outer retina in age-related macular degeneration: a clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.006","article-title":"The incidence of neovascular subtypes in newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"158","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.04.039","article-title":"The genetics of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)\u2014novel targets for designing treatment options?","volume":"95","author":"Grassmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.008","article-title":"C3 function and inhibition in geographic atrophy: interesting insights from a phase 2 study","volume":"127","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653020304139?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653020304139?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:28:47Z","timestamp":1762853327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653020304139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653020304139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progression of Geographic Atrophy with Subsequent Exudative Neovascular Disease in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}