{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:36:36Z","timestamp":1786995396404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001608","name":"EyeSight Foundation of Alabama","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015340","name":"Bayer Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY06109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY06109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY027948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY027948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T00:39:35Z","timestamp":1612571975000},"page":"1085-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fundus Autofluorescence in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A\u00a0Clinicopathologic Correlation Relevant to Macular Atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Messinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1380-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Bailey","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.045","article-title":"Five-year outcomes with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials","volume":"123","author":"Maguire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.032","article-title":"Macular atrophy progression and 7-year vision outcomes in subjects from the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON studies: the SEVEN-UP study","volume":"159","author":"Bhisitkul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.12.026","article-title":"Macular Atrophy in the HARBOR Study for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Sadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.028","article-title":"Consensus definition for atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration on OCT: classification of atrophy report 3","volume":"125","author":"Sadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12250","article-title":"Lack of correlation between the spatial distribution of A2E and lipofuscin fluorescence in the human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"54","author":"Ablonczy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.007","article-title":"Histologic basis of variations in retinal pigment epithelium autofluorescence in eyes with geographic atrophy","volume":"120","author":"Rudolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26949","article-title":"Quantifying retinal pigment epithelium dysmorphia and loss of histologic autofluorescence in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"60","author":"Gambril","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.10.022","article-title":"Analysis of visual pigment by fundus autofluorescence","volume":"86","author":"Theelen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib9","article-title":"Stages of drusen-associated atrophy in age-related macular degeneration visible via histologically validated fundus autofluorescence","volume":"S2468-6530","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181b8348b","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence (488 NM) and near-infrared autofluorescence (787 NM) visualize different retinal pigment epithelium alterations in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"30","author":"Kellner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.10.004","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and progression of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.01.003","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"112","author":"Spaide","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.04.021","article-title":"Ultra-widefield imaging with autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"158","author":"Pang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001330","article-title":"Visualizing retinal pigment epithelium phenotypes in the transition to atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Zanzottera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080050139046","article-title":"Fibrin directs early retinal damage after experimental subretinal hemorrhage","volume":"109","author":"Toth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15838","article-title":"Inner segment remodeling and mitochondrial translocation in cone photoreceptors in age-related macular degeneration with outer retinal tubulation","volume":"56","author":"Litts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002367","article-title":"Speckled hypoautofluorescence as a sign of resolved subretinal hemorrhage in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"39","author":"Hussnain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.040","article-title":"Nonexudative macular neovascularization supporting outer retina in age-related macular degeneration: a clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2001.140","article-title":"Photoreceptor topography in ageing and age-related maculopathy","volume":"15","author":"Curcio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat4544","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat4544","article-title":"Calcified nodules in retinal drusen are associated with disease progression in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.13.19","article-title":"Measuring the contributions of basal laminar deposit and Bruch\u2019s membrane in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Sura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.019","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-treated type 3 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0896-y","article-title":"Neurodegeneration, gliosis, and resolution of haemorrhage in neovascular age-related macular degeneration, a clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002182","article-title":"Histology of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a multilayer approach","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1039\/c0pp00207k","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and the bisretinoids of retina","volume":"9","author":"Sparrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2336-1","article-title":"Changes in fundus autofluorescence in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy during 3 years of follow-up","volume":"251","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.06.020","article-title":"The border of macular atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: a clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"193","author":"Dolz-Marco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.8.8","article-title":"Recognizing atrophy and mixed-type neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration via clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3094-z","article-title":"Abundance of infiltrating CD163+ cells in the retina of postmortem eyes with dry and neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"253","author":"Lad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.076","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelial cell loss assessed by fundus autofluorescence imaging in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160229-04","article-title":"Predictors of macular atrophy detected by fundus autofluorescence in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration after long-term ranibizumab treatment","volume":"47","author":"Kuehlewein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182475aea","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence not predictive of treatment response to intravitreal bevacizumab in exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Chhablani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.03.031","article-title":"Spectral-domain OCT analysis of risk factors for macular atrophy development in the HARBOR study for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"127","author":"Sadda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib34","first-page":"601","article-title":"The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"17","author":"Wing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib35","first-page":"583","article-title":"Lipofuscin and melanin of human retinal pigment epithelium. Fluorescence, enzyme cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies","volume":"17","author":"Feeney","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.35","article-title":"Autofluorescent granules of the human retinal pigment epithelium: phenotypes, intracellular distribution, and age-related topography","volume":"61","author":"Bermond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14802","article-title":"Quantitative autofluorescence and cell density maps of the human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"55","author":"Ach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib38","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Aging of the human photoreceptor mosaic: evidence for selective vulnerability of rods in central retina","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16274","article-title":"Lipofuscin redistribution and loss accompanied by cytoskeletal stress in retinal pigment epithelium of eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Ach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.8.15","article-title":"Geographic atrophy: confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, histology, and inflammation in the region of expanding lesions","volume":"61","author":"Bonilha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.5030","article-title":"Increased fundus autofluorescence related to outer retinal disruption","volume":"131","author":"Freund","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20191031-02","article-title":"The nature and frequency of outer retinal disruption in idiopathic multifocal choroiditis associated with persistent fundus hyperautofluorescence","volume":"50","author":"Kaden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.023","article-title":"Autofluorescence imaging in age-related macular degeneration complicated by choroidal neovascularization: a prospective study","volume":"115","author":"Vaclavik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000166","article-title":"Subretinal hyperreflective exudation associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"34","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.11.41","article-title":"Quantitative fundus autofluorescence in HCQ retinopathy","volume":"61","author":"Greenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16763","article-title":"Flecks in recessive Stargardt disease: short-wavelength autofluorescence, near-infrared autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography","volume":"56","author":"Sparrow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4499","article-title":"Quantitative autofluorescence intensities in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy vs healthy eyes","volume":"135","author":"Boudreault","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318158eca4","article-title":"Autofluorescence from the outer retina and subretinal space: hypothesis and review","volume":"28","author":"Spaide","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.06.017","article-title":"Two-year risk of exudation in eyes with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration and subclinical neovascularization detected with swept source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"208","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653021000348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653021000348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:29:25Z","timestamp":1762853365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653021000348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653021000348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fundus Autofluorescence in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A\u00a0Clinicopathologic Correlation Relevant to Macular Atrophy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2021.01.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}