{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:03:59Z","timestamp":1791515039662,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T04:57:55Z","timestamp":1744347475000},"page":"984-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Progression of Pachychoroid Macular Atrophy in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nasiq","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6890-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Zarnegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1760-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninan","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niroj","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Saju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7436-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avery","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles C.","family":"Wykoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halit","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjot","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8682-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia","family":"Hertkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo Ferro","family":"Desideri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6227-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion R.","family":"Munk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Villafuerte-Trisolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3387-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihteh","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1772-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Antia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Arias","family":"Barquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio Battaglia","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Checchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peranut","family":"Chotcomwongse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo Ferro","family":"Desideri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjot","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiq","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Hertkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Ashfaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Khateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul N.","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz H.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion R.","family":"Munk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosein","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Rossin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paisan","family":"Ruamviboonsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Saju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninan","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niroj K.","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Villafeurte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stela","family":"Vujosevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Sobrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halit","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihteh","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Wykoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheal","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Zarnegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00443-2","article-title":"Pathomechanisms in central serous chorioretinopathy: a recent update","volume":"9","author":"Zarnegar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000324599","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of serous macular detachment in untreated patients with central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"46","author":"Fok","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02044-z","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up and outcome analysis in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"37","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.11.815","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"68","author":"Gilbert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.12.048","article-title":"Long-term visual outcomes and causes of vision loss in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"126","author":"Mrejen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-017-0086-6","article-title":"A review of current and future management of geographic atrophy","volume":"6","author":"Sacconi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","article-title":"C5 inhibitor avacincaptad pegol for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: a randomized pivotal phase 2\/3 trial","volume":"128","author":"Jaffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01765-x","article-title":"Complement cascade inhibition in geographic atrophy: a review","volume":"36","author":"Desai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060945","article-title":"The complement system as a therapeutic target in retinal disease","volume":"60","author":"Ong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315086","article-title":"Macular dystrophies: clinical and imaging features, molecular genetics and therapeutic options","volume":"104","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.03.004","article-title":"Prevalence of macular atrophy in the MARINA study of ranibizumab versus sham for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Blodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.07.004","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: update on pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"58","author":"Nicholson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182953df4","article-title":"Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy","volume":"33","author":"Warrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.028","article-title":"Consensus definition for atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration on OCT","volume":"125","author":"Sadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib15","first-page":"671","article-title":"[Diagnostic criteria for atrophic age-related macular degeneration]","volume":"119","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.08.016","article-title":"Pachychoroid geographic atrophy: clinical and genetic characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71496-y","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of automated OCT and conventional FAF-based geographic atrophy measurements in the phase 3 OAKS\/DERBY trials","volume":"14","author":"Mai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.572","article-title":"Square root transformation of geographic atrophy area measurements to eliminate dependence of growth rates on baseline lesion measurements: a reanalysis of Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report No. 26","volume":"131","author":"Feuer","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_255_23","article-title":"Clinical feature of cystoid macular degeneration in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"71","author":"Gorhe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.015","article-title":"Risk of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials","volume":"121","author":"Grunwald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000510507","article-title":"Growth rate of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis of natural history studies and implications for designing future trials","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","article-title":"The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100528","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and progression of pachychoroid and conventional geographic atrophy","volume":"4","author":"Sato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322553","article-title":"Pachyvitelliform maculopathy: an optical coherence tomography analysis of a novel entity","volume":"108","author":"Hilely","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.40","article-title":"The rate of progression of geographic atrophy decreases with increasing baseline lesion size even after the square root transformation","volume":"7","author":"Mon\u00e9s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib26","first-page":"2","article-title":"Topographic variation of the growth rate of geographic atrophy in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100318","article-title":"Progression of geographic atrophy","volume":"3","author":"Rahimy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.020","article-title":"Progression of unifocal versus multifocal geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003686","article-title":"Increasing evidence for the safety of fovea-involving half-dose photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"43","author":"Feenstra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32924-1","article-title":"Atrophic creep of the retinal pigment epithelium after focal macular photocoagulation","volume":"96","author":"Morgan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.010","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor use and atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: systematic literature review and expert opinion","volume":"127","author":"Sadda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653025001629?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653025001629?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:30:14Z","timestamp":1759343414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653025001629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653025001629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Characteristics and Progression of Pachychoroid Macular Atrophy in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2025.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}