{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:53:32Z","timestamp":1785938012137,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T16:12:19Z","timestamp":1756743139000},"page":"265-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of Anti-VEGF Therapy with Reported Ocular Adverse Events"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4603-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moiz","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4013-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela T.H.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeksha","family":"Kundapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko M.","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim F.","family":"Damji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard R.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316820","article-title":"Geographic distributions of age-related macular degeneration incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.006","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"119","author":"Heier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01147-6","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness and real-world cost-effectiveness of intravitreal aflibercept and intravitreal ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world studies","volume":"37","author":"Carrasco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000486145","article-title":"2018 update on intravitreal injections: Euretina expert consensus recommendations","volume":"239","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib6","first-page":"608","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept versus ranibizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"24","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.12.030","article-title":"Single-chain antibody fragment VEGF inhibitor RTH258 for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a randomized controlled study","volume":"123","author":"Holz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.028","article-title":"HAWK and HARRIER: ninety-six-week outcomes from the phase 3 trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"128","author":"Dugel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.860784","article-title":"First year real life experience with intravitreal brolucizumab for treatment of refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Abdin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.06.009","article-title":"Detection and management of intraocular inflammation after brolucizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Bodaghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000081","article-title":"Exacerbation of choroidal and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"34","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100906","article-title":"Incomplete response to anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular AMD: exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"82","author":"Mettu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1915278","article-title":"Brolucizumab: a novel anti-VEGF humanized single-chain antibody fragment for treating w-AMD","volume":"21","author":"Ferro Desideri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051413","article-title":"Faricimab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema and neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Ferro Desideri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-017-0503-6","article-title":"Can disproportionality analysis of post-marketing case reports be used for comparison of drug safety profiles?","volume":"37","author":"Michel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-024-01423-7","article-title":"The REporting of A Disproportionality Analysis for DrUg Safety Signal Detection Using Individual Case Safety Reports in PharmacoVigilance (READUS-PV): explanation and elaboration","volume":"47","author":"Fusaroli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1742","article-title":"Quantitative signal detection using spontaneous ADR reporting","volume":"18","author":"Bate","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.03.023","article-title":"Drugs associated with floppy iris syndrome: a real-world population-based study","volume":"275","author":"Lakhani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.05.021","article-title":"A real-world population-based study on the association between cataracts and antipsychotics","author":"Lakhani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.677","article-title":"Use of Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports","volume":"10","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib23","article-title":"A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of FDA adverse event reporting system database for upadacitinib","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S427416","article-title":"Faricimab: transforming the future of macular diseases treatment\u2014a comprehensive review of clinical studies","volume":"17","author":"Panos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264231220224","article-title":"Retinal vasculitis after intravitreal pegcetacoplan: report from the ASRS Research and Safety in Therapeutics (ReST) Committee","volume":"8","author":"Witkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/2474126420975303","article-title":"Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in eyes without retinal vasculitis","volume":"5","author":"Witkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01218","article-title":"Ocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreally injected protein therapeutics: comparison among standard-of-care formats","volume":"18","author":"Jakubiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2024.100742","article-title":"Immunogenicity and potential for intraocular inflammation of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.0530","article-title":"Severe intraocular inflammation following intravitreal faricimab","volume":"142","author":"Thangamathesvaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2685","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of different doses and regimens of faricimab vs ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the AVENUE phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"138","author":"Sahni","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00010-1","article-title":"Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials","volume":"399","author":"Heier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03079-0","article-title":"Intraocular inflammation with faricimab: insights from Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database","volume":"38","author":"Alkhawaldeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq5068","article-title":"A root cause analysis to identify the mechanistic drivers of immunogenicity against the anti-VEGF biotherapeutic brolucizumab","volume":"15","author":"Kearns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.107","article-title":"Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature","volume":"27","author":"Falavarjani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.028","article-title":"Postinjection endophthalmitis rates and characteristics following intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept","volume":"165","author":"Rayess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05607-8","article-title":"Preventive factors, diagnosis, and management of injection-related endophthalmitis: A literature review","volume":"260","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.12.033","article-title":"Risk of endophthalmitis based on cumulative number of anti-vegf intravitreal injections","volume":"131","author":"Israilevich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653025003938?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653025003938?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T07:24:05Z","timestamp":1772522645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653025003938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653025003938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of Anti-VEGF Therapy with Reported Ocular Adverse Events","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2025.08.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}