{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:45:40Z","timestamp":1788273940687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:38:02Z","timestamp":1761129482000},"page":"394-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Brolucizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema in Participants with\/without prior Anti-VEGF Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Ip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9988-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanyin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bouillaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Igwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.831616","article-title":"Novel therapeutics for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: a pathophysiologic perspective","volume":"13","author":"Bunch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-015-0026-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107840","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: a review of studies utilising retinal photography on the global prevalence of diabetes related retinopathy between 2015 and 2018","volume":"157","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.02.034","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE","volume":"120","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.017","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 100-week results from the VISTA and VIVID studies","volume":"122","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.006","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema","volume":"121","author":"Korobelnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.031","article-title":"The RESTORE study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema","volume":"118","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.039","article-title":"Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE","volume":"119","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.02.022","article-title":"Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: two-year results from a comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial","volume":"123","author":"Wells","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.5346","article-title":"Persistent macular thickening after ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema with vision impairment","volume":"134","author":"Bressler","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.10.014","article-title":"Outcomes of diabetic macular edema eyes with limited early response in the VISTA and VIVID studies","volume":"2","author":"Pieramici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.02.007","article-title":"Visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema with limited initial anatomic response to ranibizumab in RIDE and RISE","volume":"123","author":"Pieramici","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.02.019","article-title":"Two-year safety and efficacy of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in diabetic macular edema: interim analysis of the RESTORE extension study","volume":"120","author":"Lang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.5248","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema: the KINGFISHER randomized clinical trial","volume":"141","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.12.034","article-title":"Economic considerations of macular edema therapies","volume":"118","author":"Smiddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303352","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of treatments for diabetic macular oedema: should we pay more attention to the appraisal and reporting of economic evaluations?","volume":"98","author":"Virgili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.01.004","article-title":"KESTREL and KITE: 52-week results from two phase III pivotal trials of brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema","volume":"238","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.07.012","article-title":"KESTREL and KITE phase 3 studies: 100-week results with brolucizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema","volume":"260","author":"Wykoff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib20","article-title":"Brolucizumab\u00ae. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp","year":"2019","journal-title":"US Prescribing Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.04.028","article-title":"MERLIN: phase 3a, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trial of brolucizumab in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and persistent retinal fluid","volume":"129","author":"Khanani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02637-2","article-title":"Exploring the role of retinal fluid as a biomarker for the management of diabetic macular oedema","volume":"38","author":"Khoramnia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000458539","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of diabetic macular edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA)","volume":"237","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6565","article-title":"Persistent macular thickening following intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for central-involved diabetic macular edema with vision impairment: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"136","author":"Bressler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.12.033","article-title":"Expanded 2-year follow-up of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema","volume":"118","author":"Elman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib26","article-title":"Real-world experience with brolucizumab 6 mg for diabetic macular edema","volume":"16","author":"Bragan\u00e7a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma202313901199","article-title":"Short-term experience of intravitreal brolucizumab in treatment of diabetic macular edema","volume":"139","author":"Kulikov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vestn Oftalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37726-5","article-title":"Evaluating initial responses to brolucizumab in patients undergoing conventional anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema: a retrospective, single-center, observational study","volume":"13","author":"Hirano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01416-4","article-title":"Real-world outcomes of non-responding diabetic macular edema treated with continued anti-VEGF therapy versus early switch to dexamethasone implant: 2-year results","volume":"56","author":"Busch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00453-0","article-title":"Predictive factors for treatment outcomes with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in diabetic macular edema in clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Gurung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653025004658?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653025004658?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T07:17:27Z","timestamp":1775114247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653025004658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653025004658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brolucizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema in Participants with\/without prior Anti-VEGF Exposure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}