{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:08:38Z","timestamp":1791454118483,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017433","name":"All May See Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017433","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY002162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY002162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:41:24Z","timestamp":1770424884000},"page":"625-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ocular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8689-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4448-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Forest","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7118-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0342","article-title":"Ocular associations of diabetes other than diabetic retinopathy","volume":"31","author":"Jeganathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25575","article-title":"Angiogenesis and inflammation crosstalk in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"117","author":"Capit\u00e3o","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.938029","article-title":"Implications of diabetes-induced altered metabolites on retinal neurodegeneration","volume":"16","author":"Aldosari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2014.09.011","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy--biomolecules and multiple pathophysiology","volume":"9","author":"Ahsan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib6","first-page":"2332","article-title":"Comprehensive review of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist treatment on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and retinopathy as diabetic complications","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012428","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1R activation in the retina","volume":"23","author":"Puddu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05988-3","article-title":"Incretins and microvascular complications of diabetes: neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and microangiopathy","volume":"66","author":"Goldney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.07.002","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"68","author":"Kapoor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13172","article-title":"Semaglutide, reduction in glycated haemoglobin and the risk of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"20","author":"Vilsb\u00f8ll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1815","article-title":"HbA1c change and diabetic retinopathy during GLP-1 receptor agonist cardiovascular outcome trials: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"44","author":"Bethel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.6555","article-title":"Semaglutide and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"143","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.2296","article-title":"Risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients prescribed semaglutide","volume":"142","author":"Hathaway","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107519","article-title":"Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Fr\u00edas","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2410819","article-title":"Tirzepatide for obesity treatment and diabetes prevention","volume":"392","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06466-8","article-title":"Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide: a real-world cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Buckley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02753-6","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2280","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy","volume":"41","author":"Douros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14445","article-title":"Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of clinical studies emphasising retinal changes as a primary outcome","volume":"53","author":"Kapoor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15535","article-title":"Effect of tirzepatide on the risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Popovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01604-7","article-title":"Tirzepatide, a dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction","volume":"21","author":"Nauck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14553","article-title":"The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis","volume":"24","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13543","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the management of obesity in adults without diabetes: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"24","author":"Alkhezi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090846","article-title":"Beneficial effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities: involvement of oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00729","article-title":"Dual GLP-1 and GIP agonist tirzepatide exerted neuroprotective action in a Parkinson\u2019s disease rat model","volume":"16","author":"Delvadia","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.01.040","article-title":"Novel dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonists show neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease models","volume":"136","author":"H\u00f6lscher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0078","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous tirzepatide vs placebo added to titrated insulin glargine on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS-5 randomized clinical trial","volume":"327","author":"Dahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.20294","article-title":"Tirzepatide vs insulin lispro added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS-6 randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.71079\/ASIDE.IM.03222516","article-title":"TriNetX and real-world evidence: a critical review of its strengths, limitations, and bias considerations in clinical research","volume":"1","author":"Nassar","year":"2025","journal-title":"ASIDE Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653026000461?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653026000461?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:35:54Z","timestamp":1780472154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653026000461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653026000461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ocular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}