{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:01:05Z","timestamp":1789686065278,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:51:09Z","timestamp":1782492669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Systemic Anemia and the Risk of Diabetic Macular Edema and Anti-VEGF Injections"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2830-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawad","family":"Muayad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1025-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad R.","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Loya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9735-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Z.","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3436-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zain S.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed B.","family":"Sallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami S.","family":"Dahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.122416","article-title":"Vision-related quality of life in patients with diabetic macular oedema","volume":"92","author":"Hariprasad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0052","article-title":"Trends in prevalence and treatment of diabetic macular edema and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy among medicare part B fee-for-service beneficiaries","volume":"140","author":"Lundeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30052-3","article-title":"Diabetic macular oedema","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0617-6","article-title":"Anaemia and the risk of progression from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy to vision threatening diabetic retinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib7","first-page":"233","article-title":"Risk factors for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe visual loss: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report #18","volume":"39","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00335-6","article-title":"The relationship between hemoglobin levels and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"50","author":"Qiao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6426003","article-title":"Correlation between imaging morphological findings and laboratory biomarkers in patients with diabetic macular edema","volume":"2021","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S447826","article-title":"Correlating the optical coherence tomography patterns and biomarkers of diabetic macular edema with hemoglobin level in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"19","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.07.025","article-title":"Retinal metabolism: a comparative look at energetics in the retina","volume":"1672","author":"Country","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib12","article-title":"Retinal nerve fibre layer thinning in patients with thalassaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, and anaemia of chronic diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Datta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1643445","article-title":"Growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor alpha content in the retina of male Wistar rats in experimental diabetic retinopathy and the effect of cellular protein kinase blockade","volume":"16","author":"Usenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00750-7","article-title":"The role of inflammation in diabetic eye disease","volume":"41","author":"Mesquida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000364955","article-title":"Role of inflammation in diabetic macular edema","volume":"232","author":"Noma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-856500","article-title":"Anemia of inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2023.2268306","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory mediator levels in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients with diabetic macular edema","volume":"49","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173865","article-title":"Peripheral blood metabolic and inflammatory factors as biomarkers to ocular findings in diabetic macular edema","volume":"12","author":"Figueras-Roca","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.020","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern\u00ae","volume":"132","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030398010","article-title":"The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years","volume":"102","author":"Klein","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.5790","article-title":"Effect of initial management with aflibercept vs laser photocoagulation vs observation on vision loss among patients with diabetic macular edema involving the center of the macula and good visual acuity: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653026003143?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653026003143?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T19:48:05Z","timestamp":1786132085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653026003143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S2468653026003143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systemic Anemia and the Risk of Diabetic Macular Edema and Anti-VEGF Injections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.06.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}