{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:42:54Z","timestamp":1792233774426,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY030088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY030088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:13:45Z","timestamp":1789722825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Reticular Pseudodrusen Burden and Dark Adaptation in Nonadvanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9300-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel Yuhan","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2201-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbert R.","family":"Struvyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4485-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8832-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1868-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helia","family":"Ashourizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvick","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afonso","family":"Lima-Cabrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jooyoung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9374-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrinivas","family":"Pundlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8622-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demetrios G.","family":"Vavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0310-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8623-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9239-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pearse A.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeba","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8136-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Lains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddstr.2012.11.002","article-title":"Visual function endpoints to enable dry AMD clinical trials","volume":"10","author":"Lesmes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01488-z","article-title":"Functional clinical endpoints and their correlations in eyes with AMD with and without subretinal drusenoid deposits\u2014a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Grewal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100173","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of visual function impairments in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration patients","volume":"2","author":"Lad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.02.021","article-title":"Drug approval for the treatment of geographic atrophy: how we got here and where we need to go","volume":"263","author":"Csaky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101015","article-title":"The role of dark adaptation in understanding early AMD","volume":"88","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2024.2326077","article-title":"Repeatability of rod-mediated dark adaptation testing in normal aging and early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"49","author":"Owsley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.041","article-title":"Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation is a functional biomarker for incident early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"123","author":"Owsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2025.06.013","article-title":"Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation is associated with incidence and early progression of age-related macular degeneration: Alabama study on early age-related macular degeneration 2","volume":"132","author":"Owsley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.12.41","article-title":"Choriocapillaris impairment is associated with delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"64","author":"Kar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.06.005","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101017","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: a critical phenotype in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.023","article-title":"Impairments in dark adaptation are associated with age-related macular degeneration severity and reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"122","author":"Flamendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003152","article-title":"Baseline predictors associated with 3-year changes in dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Lains","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.05.018","article-title":"Evaluation of cone- and rod-mediated parameters in dark adaptation testing as outcome measures in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Hess","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.09.039","article-title":"Longitudinal study of dark adaptation as a functional outcome measure for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100551","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: impact of their presence and extent on local rod function in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.10.25","article-title":"Extent and topography of subretinal drusenoid deposits associate with rod-mediated vision in aging and AMD: ALSTAR2 baseline","volume":"65","author":"Goerdt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26385","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of rod function in intermediate age-related macular degeneration with and without reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"60","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib19","author":"Mauschitz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100325","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: interreader agreement of evaluation on OCT imaging in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14607","article-title":"Deep learning-based detection of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Kumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.061","article-title":"Structural changes associated with delayed dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"124","author":"La\u00edns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01218-1","article-title":"The Age-Related Eye Disease Study system for classifying age-related macular degeneration from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 6","volume":"132","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-318806","article-title":"Area under the dark adaptation curve as a reliable alternate measure of dark adaptation response","volume":"106","author":"Pundlik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0107-6","article-title":"Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease","volume":"24","author":"De Fauw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02463-2","article-title":"Considering the missing science of retraining and maintenance in medical artificial intelligence, using ophthalmology as an exemplar","volume":"9","author":"Ong","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie Q, Luong MT, Hovy E, Le QV. Self-training with noisy student improves ImageNet classification. Preprint. Posted online June 19, 2020. arXiv:1911.04252. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.1911.04252.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01070"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.6.6","article-title":"Choroidalyzer: an open-source, end-to-end pipeline for choroidal analysis in optical coherence tomography","volume":"65","author":"Engelmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x","article-title":"A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models","volume":"4","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-025-00783-1","article-title":"Drusen-specific dark adaptation profiles in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Forte","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31827e25e0","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration: morphology, prevalence, topography, and biogenesis model","volume":"33","author":"Curcio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17469899.2023.2287178","article-title":"Rod mediated dark adaptation, a functional test for early and intermediate AMD outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Owsley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97771-w","article-title":"Longitudinal choriocapillaris changes in the presence of reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"11","author":"Clemens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.12.1","article-title":"Impact of reticular pseudodrusen on choriocapillaris flow deficits and choroidal structure on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2026.1525","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen and cardiovascular disease or related mortality in AREDS and AREDS2","volume":"144","author":"Elnahry","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.6.14","article-title":"Exploring reticular pseudodrusen extent and impact on mesopic visual sensitivity in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-020-00323-0","article-title":"Are current methods of measuring dark adaptation effective in detecting the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration? A systematic literature review","volume":"10","author":"Higgins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274","article-title":"Biologically guided optimization of test target location for rod-mediated dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration: Alabama study on early age-related macular degeneration 2 baseline","volume":"3","author":"Owsley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.05.021","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: the third macular risk feature for progression to late age-related macular degeneration: age-related eye disease study 2 report 30","volume":"129","author":"Agr\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.12.006","article-title":"OCT prognostic biomarkers for progression to late age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Trinh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653026004598?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653026004598?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:56:15Z","timestamp":1792230975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653026004598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2468653026004598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of Reticular Pseudodrusen Burden and Dark Adaptation in Nonadvanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}