{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:55:48Z","timestamp":1791244548369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Orthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T02:00:13Z","timestamp":1519351213000},"page":"114-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is systematic mandibular retention mandatory? A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hajar","family":"Ben Mohimd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loubna","family":"Bahije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Zaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelali","family":"Halimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hicham","family":"Benyahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0415","first-page":"1","article-title":"R\u00e9cidive et contention","volume":"11","author":"Medio","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1051\/orthodfr\/200576183","article-title":"The multiple causes of relapse","volume":"76","author":"Philippe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthod Fr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70291-9","article-title":"Relapse revisited","volume":"111","author":"Vaden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.07.047","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of long-term stable and unstable orthodontic treatment outcomes","volume":"128","author":"Ormiston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0435","first-page":"27","article-title":"Stability of orthodontic treatment, part 1","volume":"40","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70212-4","article-title":"Retention and stability: a review of literature","volume":"114","author":"Blake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.04.012","article-title":"Postretention relapse of mandibular anterior crowding in patients treated without mandibular premolar extraction","volume":"125","author":"Freitas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0450","first-page":"257","article-title":"The effects of premolar extraction: a long term comparison of outcomes in \u201cclear-cut\u201d extraction and nonextraction class II patients","volume":"63","author":"Luppanapornlarp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(99)80007-3","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of extraction versus nonextraction treatment with special reference to the posttreatment irregularity of the lower incisors","volume":"5","author":"Rossouw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0460","first-page":"669","article-title":"Mandibular incisor re-crowding: is it different in extraction and non-extraction cases?","volume":"13","author":"Zafarmand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.04.012","article-title":"Overjet, overbite and anterior crowding relapses in extraction and nonextraction patients and their correlations","volume":"146","author":"Francisconi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.044","article-title":"Association of the canine guidance angle with maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths and anterior alignment relapse: extraction vs nonextraction treatment","volume":"133","author":"Heiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.02.022","article-title":"Relapse of anterior crowding in patients treated with extraction and nonextraction of premolars","volume":"129","author":"Erdinc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81004-2","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of the anterior border of the dentition","volume":"104","author":"Rossouw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0485","first-page":"229","article-title":"Long-term stability of mandibular incisors following successful treatment of class II, division 1, malocclusions","volume":"66","author":"\u00c5rtun","year":"1996","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2319\/030512-181.1","article-title":"Posttreatment and physiologic occlusal changes comparison","volume":"83","author":"Freitas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.05.004","article-title":"Long-term stability: postretention changes of the mandibular anterior teeth","volume":"144","author":"Myser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.104409","article-title":"Relapse in angle class II division 1\u00a0malocclusion treated by tandem mechanics without extraction of permanent teeth: a retrospective analysis","volume":"118","author":"Yavari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2319\/051216-379.1","article-title":"Predictors of postretention stability of mandibular dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances","volume":"87","author":"Raucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.22.3.249","article-title":"Post-retention crowding and incisor irregularity: a long-term follow-up evaluation of stability and relapse","volume":"22","author":"Kahl-Nieke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0515","first-page":"240","article-title":"Long-term stability of dental relationships after orthodontic treatment","volume":"53","author":"Uhde","year":"1983","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70009-Y","article-title":"A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in \u201cborderline\u201d class II patients","volume":"102","author":"Paquette","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0525","series-title":"Tratado de ortodoncia","first-page":"560","author":"Strang","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70127-3","article-title":"The morphologic basis for the extraction decision in class II, division 1\u00a0malocclusions: a comparative study","volume":"107","author":"Bishara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90065-X","article-title":"Nonextraction treatment of class II, division 1\u00a0malocclusions","volume":"88","author":"Arvystas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0540","first-page":"570","article-title":"The geometry of class II correction with extractions","volume":"35","author":"Bryk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90320-2","article-title":"An examination of dental crowding and its relationship to tooth size and arch dimension","volume":"83","author":"Howe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.11.037","article-title":"Alignment stability in class II malocclusion treated with 2- and 4-premolar extraction protocols","volume":"130","author":"Janson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0555","first-page":"351","article-title":"Comparison of the dental arch changes in patients with class II, division 1\u00a0malocclusions: extraction vs nonextraction treatments","volume":"64","author":"Bishara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(59)90014-4","article-title":"A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures","volume":"45","author":"Subtelny","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.1.1","article-title":"Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible; a synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25\u00a0years","volume":"5","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(72)90277-1","article-title":"Facial development and tooth eruption: an implant study at the age of puberty","volume":"62","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.118778","article-title":"An evaluation of growth and stability in untreated and treated subjects","volume":"120","author":"Driscoll-Gilliland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm113","article-title":"Relationship between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology in untreated adults","volume":"30","author":"Forster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90036-0","article-title":"Prediction of mandibular growth rotation","volume":"55","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0590","series-title":"Retention and stability in orthodontics","first-page":"9","article-title":"Growth considerations in stability of orthodontic treatment","author":"Nielsen","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0595","first-page":"244","article-title":"Late lower arch crowding: the role of facial morphology","volume":"56","author":"Richardson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0600","first-page":"39","article-title":"Rotational growth and incisor compensation","volume":"57","author":"Perera","year":"1987","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.04.024","article-title":"Relapse of mandibular incisor alignment is not associated with the total posttreatment mandibular rotation","volume":"138","author":"Fudalej","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.07.032","article-title":"Is postadolescent mandibular anterior growth rotation a risk factor for relapse of incisor alignment in males?","volume":"134","author":"Fudalej","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.09.060","article-title":"Effects of posttreatment skeletal maturity measured with the cervical vertebral maturation method on incisor alignment relapse","volume":"134","author":"Fudalej","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2007)077[0199:MGREOP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Mandibular growth rotation effects on postretention stability of mandibular incisor alignment","volume":"77","author":"Fudalej","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(83)90296-8","article-title":"Maturation of untreated normal occlusions","volume":"83","author":"Sinclair","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90239-8","article-title":"Dentofacial maturation of untreated normals","volume":"88","author":"Sinclair","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0635","first-page":"431","article-title":"Incisor stability in patients with anterior rotational mandibular growth","volume":"65","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00448-7","article-title":"Longterm stability of class I premolar extraction treatment","volume":"124","author":"Boley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0645","series-title":"A comparative study of orthodontic stability in class I extraction cases [Doctoral dissertation]","author":"Alexander","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0650","first-page":"121","article-title":"The Francfort-mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Tweed","year":"1954","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2319\/061912-505.1","article-title":"Facial divergence and mandibular crowding in treated subjects","volume":"83","author":"Goldberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2013.07.008","article-title":"Searching for predictors of long-term stability","volume":"19","author":"Franklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0665","first-page":"116","article-title":"Orthodontic extractions and the facial skeletal pattern","volume":"42","author":"Nasby","year":"1972","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0670","first-page":"93","article-title":"Changes in crowding of teeth during adolescence and their relation to the growth of the facial skeleton","author":"Sakuda","year":"1976","journal-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0675","first-page":"131","article-title":"A study of the correlation between mandibular growth direction and changes in incisor inclination, overjet, overbite and crowding","author":"Lundstrom","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0680","first-page":"425","article-title":"Posttreatment changes in different facial types","volume":"64","author":"Zaher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.03.023","article-title":"Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse","volume":"130","author":"Rothe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(90)90273-F","article-title":"Relationships between mandibular and skeletal bone in a population of normal women","volume":"63","author":"Kribbs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70302-0","article-title":"The effects of lip bumper therapy in the mixed dentition","volume":"111","author":"Davidovitch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0700","first-page":"18","article-title":"Non extraction short-term arch changes","volume":"5","author":"Ferro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70293-8","article-title":"Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment","volume":"113","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2319\/120405-423R.1","article-title":"An evaluation of buccal shield treatment: a clinical and cephalometric study","volume":"77","author":"Moin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0715","first-page":"192","article-title":"Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Perillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.001","article-title":"Long-term stability of combined rapid palatal expansion-lip bumper therapy followed by full fixed appliances","volume":"128","author":"Ferris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0725","first-page":"36","article-title":"Longterm stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliance","volume":"76","author":"Solomon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.2319\/100106-398.1","article-title":"Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment postretention outcomes compared using the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system","volume":"77","author":"Kuncio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0735","first-page":"202","article-title":"Evaluation of the frictional resistance of conventional and self-ligating bracket designs using standardized archwires and dental typodonts","volume":"74","author":"Henao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.07.018","article-title":"Treatment efficiency of conventional vs selfligating brackets: effects of archwire size and material","volume":"131","author":"Turnbull","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2001.40407.x","article-title":"Treatment time, outcome, and patient satisfaction comparisons of Damon and conventional brackets","volume":"4","author":"Eberting","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthod Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.11.009","article-title":"Systematic review of self-ligating brackets","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-10-41","article-title":"Stability of treatment with self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets in adolescents: a long-term follow-up retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.019","article-title":"Correlation between mandibular incisor crown morphologic index and postretention stability","volume":"129","author":"Freitas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90143-9","article-title":"Incisor shape and incisor crowding: a re-evaluation of the Peck and Peck ratio","volume":"82","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(81)90080-4","article-title":"A biometric study of tooth size and dental crowding","volume":"79","author":"Doris","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90333-7","article-title":"Nonextraction orthodontic therapy: posttreatment dental and skeletal stability","volume":"92","author":"Glenn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90140-4","article-title":"Tooth morphology and lower incisor alignment many years after orthodontic therapy","volume":"86","author":"Puneky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0785","first-page":"148","article-title":"Crown dimensions and mandibular incisor alignment","volume":"42","author":"Peck","year":"1972","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(72)90268-0","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0795","first-page":"174","article-title":"Functional occlusion for the orthodontist. Part III","volume":"15","author":"Roth","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.7.3.145","article-title":"The dentoalveolar compensatory mechanism: background and clinical implications","volume":"7","author":"Solow","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.02.051","article-title":"Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse","volume":"132","author":"Freitas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0810","first-page":"9","article-title":"Finishing occlusion, degree of stability and the PAR index","volume":"16","author":"Woods","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.029","article-title":"Long-term posttreatment changes measured by the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system","volume":"127","author":"Nett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013_bib0820","series-title":"The effect of quality of treatment results on long-term stability [thesis]","author":"Fernandes","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["International Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1761722718300135?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1761722718300135?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:59:54Z","timestamp":1761706794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1761722718300135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1761722718300135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1761-7227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1761-7227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is systematic mandibular retention mandatory? A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Orthodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.01.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}