{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T22:51:30Z","timestamp":1775775090436,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Orthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T22:24:16Z","timestamp":1597271056000},"page":"468-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of the collum angle of incisors and canines in skeletal malocclusions\u00a0\u2013\u00a0A CBCT study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bharathi","family":"Elangovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhadrinath","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Kailasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridevi","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90273-2","article-title":"Variability in three morphologic features of the permanent maxillary central incisor","volume":"86","author":"Bryant","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(73)90306-0","article-title":"Crown-root angles of upper central incisors","volume":"64","author":"Carlsson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.03.029","article-title":"Applications of cone-beam computed tomography to assess the effects of labial crown morphologies and collum angles on torque for maxillary anterior teeth","volume":"150","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182565759","article-title":"Crown-root morphology of lower incisors in patients with Class III malocclusion","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0025","first-page":"33","article-title":"The collum angle of Maxillary Central Incisors in different skeletal malocclusions\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a Cephalometric study","volume":"2","author":"Shailaja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Appl Dent Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90024-X","article-title":"Variation in morphology of the maxillary central incisors found in Class II, division 2 malocclusions","volume":"78","author":"Delivanis","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of collum angle of maxillary central incisor in patients with Angle's Class I. Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions\u00a0\u2013\u00a0A cephalometric study","volume":"2","author":"Nandeshwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Res J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.10.3.159","article-title":"The crown to root angle of maxillary central incisors in different incisal classes","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.11607\/ortho.841","article-title":"Relationship between crown-root angulation (collum angle) of maxillary central incisors in Class II, division 2 malocclusion and lower lip line","volume":"14","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthodontics (Chic.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2012.01.010","article-title":"The Collum angle of the maxillary central incisors in patients with different types of malocclusion","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0055","first-page":"91","article-title":"Comparison of collum angle of maxillary central incisors in Class II div 1 & 2 malocclusions","volume":"36","author":"Israr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak Oral Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0060","series-title":"Maxillary central incisor crown-root relationships in Class I normal occlusions and Class II division 2 malocclusions. (MS thesis)","author":"Bauer","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_84_17","article-title":"Comparative tomographic study of the maxillary central incisor collum angle between Class I, Class II, division 1 and 2 patients","volume":"7","author":"Feres","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0070","first-page":"105","article-title":"A cone-beam computed tomography study on crown-root morphology of maxillary anterior teeth in Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Beijing da xuexuebao","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yi xue ban"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70104-V","article-title":"Maxillary incisor crown root relationships in different angle malocclusions","volume":"103","author":"Harris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0080","series-title":"Maxillary central incisor crown-root relationships in Class I normal occlusions and Class III open and deep malocclusions. (MS thesis)","author":"Fuller","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90028-5","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements: 1. Landmark identification","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0090","first-page":"22","article-title":"Palatal plane and their comparison with \u201cangle ANB\u201d and \u201cWits appraisal\u201d: a cephalometric study","volume":"2","author":"Italia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ahmedabad Dental College Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0095","first-page":"739","article-title":"Lip shape and position in Class II division 2 malocclusion","volume":"76","author":"McIntyre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(79)90162-3","article-title":"Vertical growth of the lips: a serial cephalometric study","volume":"75","author":"Vig","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0105","first-page":"350","article-title":"Genetic variation in tooth dimensions: a twin study of the permanent anterior teeth","volume":"10","author":"Osborne","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0110","first-page":"9","article-title":"Class II Division 2 malocclusion: a heritable pattern of small teeth in well-developed jaws","volume":"68","author":"Peck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2019.03.010","article-title":"Are Noffel's danger signs pathognomonic of class II division 2? A retrospective comparative study","volume":"17","author":"Fourneron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.146212","article-title":"Pathognomonic features of Angle's Class II division 2 malocclusion: a comparative cephalometric and arch width study","volume":"4","author":"Prasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1179\/1465313313Y.0000000067","article-title":"Different manifestations of class II division 2 incisor retroclination and their association with dental anomalies","volume":"40","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.5.529","article-title":"The Class II Division 2 craniofacial type is associated with numerous congenital tooth anomalies","volume":"22","author":"Basdra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345630420062701","article-title":"Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth","volume":"42","author":"Moorrees","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90350-8","article-title":"Three biologic variables modifying faciolingual tooth angulation by straight-wire appliances","volume":"96","author":"Germane","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji007","article-title":"Anterior tooth morphology and its effect on torque","volume":"27","author":"Van Loenen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-1042-14-26","article-title":"Effects of crown-root angle on stress distribution in the maxillary central incisors\u2019 PDL during application of intrusive and retraction forces: a three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"14","author":"Heravi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-5742.199252","article-title":"Effects of labial and lingual retraction and intrusion force on maxillary central incisor with varying collum angles: a three dimensional finite elemental analysis","volume":"51","author":"Pai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Indian Orthod Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2319\/042508-234","article-title":"On the interaction between incisor crown-root morphology and third-order angulation","volume":"79","author":"Kn\u00f6sel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(80)90398-4","article-title":"Variation in size and form between left and right maxillary central incisor teeth","volume":"43","author":"Mavroskoufis","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0272-2","article-title":"The crown-root morphology of central incisors in different skeletal malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"}],"container-title":["International Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1761722720300760?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1761722720300760?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:04:31Z","timestamp":1761707071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1761722720300760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1761722720300760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1761-7227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1761-7227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of the collum angle of incisors and canines in skeletal malocclusions\u00a0\u2013\u00a0A CBCT study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Orthodontics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}