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The blood vessels in the advancing front of endochondral ossification are likely to play an important role in the replacement of cartilage with bone within the callus. This was investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry techniques carried out on rabbit tibial osteotomy tissue. Cavities within the cartilage were identified by histology and in many cases, there appeared to be vascular structures within them, identified by the immunolocalisation of the transmembrane proteins CD31 and CD34. Osteocalcin localisation and Alizarin red histology was carried out to identify \u2018osteoblastic\u2019 cells and mineral localisation within the cartilaginous callus respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>However, it was the identification of a population of cells lining the cavities within the cartilage that became the main focus of this study. These cells were \u2018osteoblastic\u2019 in nature, (positive localisation of osteocalcin), and were also positive for the adhesion proteins CD31 and CD34. It is thought that these cells play a role in the conversion of cartilage to bone during the fracture healing process. \u00a9 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]],"date-time":"2003-10-16T15:11:48Z","timestamp":1066317108000},"page":"368-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Endochondral ossification in fracture callus during long bone repair: The localisation of \u2018cavity\u2010lining cells\u2019 within the cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Joanna L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek E.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte 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