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Control groups (untreated partial defect and partial defect treated with Gelfoam) showed bony bar formation with varus deformities of 30\u00b0 and 28\u00b0, respectively. Group A had an average 23\u00b0 varus deformity with bony bridge formation, and group B had mild varus angulation (average 14\u00b0) of the proximal tibia. In group C, there was no significant varus deformity (average 9\u00b0), and histologic examination showed that some of the columnation areas interspersed with chondrocytes were irregularly arranged in the matrix. These findings suggest that repair of physeal defects can be enhanced by the implantation of MSC cultured with TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. \u00a9 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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