{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:40:42Z","timestamp":1791304842964,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":306,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periprosthetic osteolysis is a major clinical problem that limits the long\u2010term survival of total joint arthroplasties. Osteolysis is induced by implant\u2010derived wear particles, primarily from the polyethylene bearing surfaces. This study examined two hypotheses. First, that similar mechanisms are responsible for osteolysis induced by polyethylene and titanium particles. Second, that lymphocytes do not play a major role in particle\u2010induced osteolysis. To test these hypotheses, we used the murine calvarial model that we have previously used to examine titanium\u2010induced osteolysis. Polyethylene particles rapidly induced osteolysis in the murine calvaria 5\u20137 days after implantation. The polyethylene\u2010induced osteolysis was associated with large numbers of osteoclasts as well as the formation of a thick periosteal fibrous tissue layer with numerous macrophages containing phagocytosed polyethylene particles. Polyethylene\u2010induced osteolysis was rapidly repaired and was undetectable by day 21 after implantation. Lymphocytes were noted in the fibrous layer of wild\u2010type mice. However, the amount of osteolysis and cytokine production induced by polyethylene particles was not substantially affected by the lack of lymphocytes in <jats:italic>Pfp<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic> double knock out mice. All of these findings are similar to our observations of osteolysis induced by titanium particles. These results provide strong support for both of our hypotheses: that similar mechanisms are responsible for osteolysis induced by polyethylene and titanium particles and that lymphocytes do not play a major role in particle\u2010induced osteolysis. \u00a9 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.08.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]],"date-time":"2004-11-12T17:22:52Z","timestamp":1100280172000},"page":"376-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Polyethylene and titanium particles induce osteolysis by similar, lymphocyte\u2010independent, mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Naoya","family":"Taki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joscelyn M.","family":"Tatro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer 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