{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:40:01Z","timestamp":1789771201324,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T14:28:34Z","timestamp":1168439314000},"page":"493-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Endonasal Laser Surgery: An Update"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2004.65.8.15493","article-title":"Laser surgery in the management of sinonasal disease","volume":"65","author":"Kaluskar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hosp Med"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800110","article-title":"Endoscopy and the KTP\/532 laser for nasal sinus disease","volume":"98","author":"Levine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X82000099","article-title":"The effects of treatment with antibiotics, laser and acupuncture upon chronic maxillary sinusitis in children","volume":"10","author":"Pothman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30291-7","article-title":"Laser use in the paranasal sinuses","volume":"29","author":"Rathfoot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199102000-00008","article-title":"Holmium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser-assisted endoscopic sinus surgery: laboratory experience","volume":"101","author":"Shapshay","year":"1991","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199210000-00014","article-title":"Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser-assisted endoscopic sinus surgery: clinical experience","volume":"102","author":"Shapshay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199001000-00004","article-title":"Comparison of the erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet and carbon dioxide lasers for in vitro bone and cartilage ablation","volume":"100","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib8","first-page":"114","article-title":"Carbon dioxide laser delivery systems in functional paranasal sinus surgery","volume":"49","author":"Stasche","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2003.00660.x","article-title":"KTP-532 laser-assisted endoscopic nasal sinus surgery","volume":"28","author":"Gerlinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30222-X","article-title":"Lasers in endonasal surgery","volume":"30","author":"Levine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310800313","article-title":"Wound healing of KTP and argon laser lesions in the canine nasal cavity","volume":"108","author":"Kass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib12","first-page":"122","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery of the nose and paranasal sinuses with the aid of the holmium: YAG laser","volume":"49","author":"Feyh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1995.01890100070012","article-title":"The holmium:YAG laser-assisted otolaryngologic procedures","volume":"121","author":"Gleich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900100412","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of bone ablation with a pulsed holmium laser","volume":"10","author":"Stein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00463546","article-title":"Wound healing in the nose and paranasal sinuses after irradiation with the argon laser. An experimental study in animals","volume":"245","author":"von Glass","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510014441X","article-title":"Laser-turbinectomy: long-term results","volume":"113","author":"Lagerholm","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1996.14.81","article-title":"CO2 laser inferior turbinectomy: a new surgical approach","volume":"14","author":"Wolfson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200513","article-title":"Laser surgery of the inferior turbinate for allergic rhinitis with seasonal exacerbation: an acoustic rhinometry study","volume":"112","author":"Takeno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800608","article-title":"Treatment of hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate: long-term results in 382 patients randomly assigned to therapy","volume":"108","author":"Passali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200806","article-title":"Treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"112","author":"Passali","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710601207","article-title":"Comparison of carbon dioxide and neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers in surgery of the inferior turbinate","volume":"106","author":"Lippert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:2<126::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Long-term results after laser turbinectomy","volume":"22","author":"Lippert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib23","first-page":"230","article-title":"Blood loss reduction during laser turbinectomy","volume":"39","author":"Temple","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200006000-00027","article-title":"Wedge turbinectomy: a new combined photocoagulative Nd:YAG laser technique","volume":"110","author":"Vagnetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200303000-00022","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of radiofrequency tissue ablation, CO2 laser ablation, and partial turbinectomy applications on nasal mucociliary functions","volume":"113","author":"Sapci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900020104","article-title":"CO2 laser turbinectomies for chronic, obstructive rhinitis","volume":"2","author":"Mittleman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1053\/hn.1999.v120.a91894","article-title":"Laser surgery for allergic rhinitis: the effect on seromucinous glands","volume":"120","author":"Elwany","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100112290","article-title":"Inferior turbinectomy: comparison of four techniques","volume":"104","author":"Elwany","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib29","first-page":"267","article-title":"CO2 laser anterior turbinectomy in the treatment of non-allergic vasomotor rhinopathia. A prospective study upon 78 patients","volume":"29","author":"Mladina","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309126191","article-title":"Subjective results of laser surgery for allergic rhinitis","volume":"500","author":"Kawamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2092(07)66507-7","article-title":"Laser surgery for allergic rhinitis","volume":"46","author":"Fukutake","year":"1987","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1986.03780120044007","article-title":"Laser surgery for allergic rhinitis","volume":"112","author":"Fukutake","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110400215","article-title":"The potassium\u2013titanyl phosphate laser for treatment of turbinate dysfunction","volume":"104","author":"Levine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199503000-00018","article-title":"Nd:YAG laser turbinate surgery animal experimental study: preliminary report","volume":"105","author":"Goldsher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(77)80125-2","article-title":"Production of a nasoantral window with an Ar + -laser","volume":"5","author":"Lenz","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2 Suppl 77","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199601001-00001","article-title":"Holmium:YAG laser endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"106","author":"Metson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71736-2","article-title":"Holmium:YAG endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"116","author":"Woog","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199403000-00005","article-title":"Endoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"104","author":"Metson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899781367465","article-title":"Endonasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"13","author":"Szubin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31100-6","article-title":"A report of 131 cases of endoscopic laser lacrimal surgery","volume":"101","author":"Kong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib41","first-page":"35","article-title":"Laser polypectomy","volume":"8","author":"Ohyama","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib42","first-page":"337","article-title":"Clinical applications of the holmium:YAG laser in disorders of the paediatric airway","volume":"28","author":"Fong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409124335","article-title":"Laser beam in treating congenital choanal atresia in three patients","volume":"517","author":"Furuta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947808700510","article-title":"Management of choanal atresia with the carbon dioxide laser","volume":"87","author":"Healy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib45","first-page":"205","article-title":"Congenital choanal atresia treated by laser surgery","volume":"24","author":"Illum","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib46","first-page":"191","article-title":"Choanal atresia in premature dizygotic twins\u2013a transnasal approach with Holmium:YAG-laser","volume":"38","author":"Meer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600110","article-title":"Pitfalls to laser correction of choanal atresia","volume":"96","author":"Muntz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100133894","article-title":"Trans-nasal endoscopic holmium: YAG laser correction of choanal atresia","volume":"110","author":"Panwar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000408","article-title":"Transnasal treatment of congenital choanal atresia with the KTP laser","volume":"110","author":"Pototschnig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215011907460","article-title":"Endoscopic repair of unilateral choanal atresia with the KTP laser: a one stage procedure","volume":"115","author":"Tzifa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.07.1037","article-title":"Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser-assisted excision of progressive ethmoid hematomas in horses: 20 cases (1986\u20131996)","volume":"214","author":"Rothaug","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899782102890","article-title":"A treatment algorithm for the management of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"13","author":"Lund","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199601000-00014","article-title":"Using the KTP\/532 laser to control epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"89","author":"Vickery","year":"1996","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.5.791b","article-title":"Fiberoptic bronchoscope and Nd-YAG laser in treatment of severe epistaxis from nasal hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia and hemangioma","volume":"91","author":"Mehta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib55","first-page":"169","article-title":"[Endoscopic surgery for nasal inverted papilloma]","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050143","article-title":"Transnasal endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with KTP laser","volume":"256","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015_bib57","first-page":"480","article-title":"Removal of a frontal sinus osteoma using the CO2 laser","volume":"65","author":"Kronenberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666506000284?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666506000284?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:34:53Z","timestamp":1707525293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0030666506000284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0030666506000284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2006.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6665","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}