{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:02:02Z","timestamp":1791892922367,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T14:28:34Z","timestamp":1168439314000},"page":"1143-1159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["The Pathophysiology of Cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Maroun T.","family":"Semaan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliff A.","family":"Megerian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200111000-00003","article-title":"Knowledge about cholesteatoma, from the first description to the modern histopathology","volume":"22","author":"Soldati","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib2","series-title":"Traite de l'Organe de l'Ouie","author":"Duverney","year":"1683"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib3","series-title":"Anatomie Pathologique du Corps Humain","author":"Cruveilhier","year":"1829"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib4","series-title":"Ueber den feineren Bau und die formen der krankhaften Geschwulste","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1838"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01936101","article-title":"Ueber Perlgeschwulste","volume":"8","author":"Virchow","year":"1855","journal-title":"Arch Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib6","series-title":"Lehrbuch der Ohrenheilkundle","author":"VonTroeltsch","year":"1873"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib7","series-title":"Die Anatomie des Ohres in ihrer Anwendung auf die Praxis und die Kranskheiten des Gehorogans","author":"VonTroeltsch","year":"1861"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib8","series-title":"Das Cholesteatome (Perlgeschwulst)","author":"Gruber","year":"1888"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib9","first-page":"428","article-title":"Desquamativd Entzundung des Mittelohres","volume":"14","author":"Wendt","year":"1873","journal-title":"Arch Phys Heilkdt Wagner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib10","series-title":"Neubildung von ausserer haut, Schleim und seroser Haut","author":"Rokitansky","year":"1855"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib11","unstructured":"Bezold F. Cholesteatom, Perforation der Membrana Flaccida Schrapnelli und Tubenverschulus: eime atiologische studie. Vol 20: Z. Ohrenheilkd; 1889."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib12","unstructured":"Habermann J. Cholesteatom des Mittelohres, seine Entstehung. Z. Ohrenheilkdt. 1889;19:348."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib13","series-title":"Politzer's Textbook of the disease of the ear for students and practitioners","author":"Lucae","year":"1926"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib14","series-title":"Die eitrigen Erkrankungen des Schlafenneins","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"1899"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946507400313","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear and mastoid","volume":"74","author":"Derlacki","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609400505","article-title":"A review of twenty congenital cholesteatomas of the middle ear in children","volume":"94","author":"Levenson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200011000-00023","article-title":"A new pathogenesis of mesotympanic (congenital) cholesteatoma","volume":"110","author":"Tos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1936.00640050467004","article-title":"Cholesteatoma verum tympani (its relationship to the first epibranchial placode)","volume":"24","author":"Teed","year":"1936","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib19","first-page":"169","article-title":"An epidermoid formation in the developing middle ear: possible source of cholesteatoma","volume":"15","author":"Michaels","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib20","first-page":"292","article-title":"The origin of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"19","author":"Karmody","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J\u00a0Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.123446","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: 20 years' experience at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","volume":"126","author":"Potsic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/00016485909129191","article-title":"Cholesteatoma formation in the middle ear in animal experiments","volume":"50","author":"R\u00fcedi","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945706600201","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of cholesteatoma in chronic suppuration of the temporal bone","volume":"66","author":"R\u00fcedi","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200306000-00017","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of the epidermoid formation in the middle ear","volume":"113","author":"Liang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(88)90050-X","article-title":"Origin of congenital cholesteatoma from a normally occurring epidermoid rest in the developing middle ear","volume":"15","author":"Michaels","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib26","first-page":"62","article-title":"Retraction pockets and attic cholesteatomas","volume":"34","author":"Sade","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100082645","article-title":"The natural history of chronic otitis media","volume":"90","author":"Sade","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.10.1129","article-title":"Evidence for microbial biofilms in cholesteatomas","volume":"128","author":"Chole","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.11.983","article-title":"Otopathogenic pseudomonas aeruginosa strains as competent biofilm formers","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810700208","article-title":"Experimental models of aural cholesteatomas in Mongolian gerbils","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib31","first-page":"786","article-title":"Pathogenesis of attic cholesteatoma: clinical and immunohistochemical support for combination of retraction theory and proliferation theory","volume":"21","author":"Sudhoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib32","first-page":"30","article-title":"Expression of p53 protein in human middle ear cholesteatomas: pathogenetic implications","volume":"19","author":"Albino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(05)80340-5","article-title":"Tumor-suppressor p53 and the cell cycle","volume":"3","author":"Perry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib34","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cholesteatoma: a molecular and cellular puzzle","volume":"19","author":"Albino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2002.17.3.381","article-title":"Expression patterns of cytokeratins in cholesteatomas: evidence of increased migration and proliferation","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-004-0875-0","article-title":"Cytokeratin expression pattern in congenital and acquired pediatric cholesteatoma","volume":"262","author":"Olszewska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200302000-00024","article-title":"Aggressiveness and quantification of epithelial proliferation of middle ear cholesteatoma by MIB1","volume":"113","author":"Mallet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200305000-00008","article-title":"Gene expression analysis of human middle ear cholesteatoma using complementary DNA arrays","volume":"113","author":"Tokuriki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3090419","article-title":"Increase of calcium levels in epithelial cells induces translocation of calcium-binding proteins migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8 (MRP8) and MRP14 to keratin intermediate filaments","volume":"309","author":"Goebeler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02505229","article-title":"Differential expression of CRABP II, psoriasin and cytokeratin 1 mRNA in human skin diseases","volume":"288","author":"Algermissen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01833262","article-title":"Evaluation of cathepsin D as a prognostic factor in breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Ravdin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510013419X","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical studies of bone destruction in cholesteatoma","volume":"110","author":"Amar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000180482.34545.b8","article-title":"Caspase-3, caspase-8, and nuclear factor-kappaB expression in human cholesteatoma","volume":"27","author":"Miyao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/156.12.651","article-title":"Blast injury of the ear","volume":"156","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200605","article-title":"Temporal bone fractures and cholesteatoma","volume":"92","author":"Freeman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.7.754","article-title":"Cholesteatomas associated with ventilation tube insertion","volume":"125","author":"Golz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib47","first-page":"420","article-title":"Mechanisms of cholesteatoma formation following stapedectomy","volume":"7","author":"Ferguson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880110066014","article-title":"Chronic ear pathology in a model of neonatal amniotic fluid ear inoculation","volume":"118","author":"Eavey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib49","first-page":"773","article-title":"Juvenile keratin inoculation induces chronic ear pathology","volume":"18","author":"Camacho","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200303000-00011","article-title":"Evidence against neonatal aspiration of keratinizing epithelium as a cause of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"113","author":"Bernal-Sprekelsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000157826.15756.67","article-title":"A new experimental model of acquired cholesteatoma","volume":"115","author":"Massuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400214","article-title":"Pressure-induced bone resorption in the middle ear","volume":"94","author":"Chole","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374990130012201","article-title":"Responses of bone cells to biomechanical forces in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Burger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.5.7896017","article-title":"Sensitivity of osteocytes to biomechanical stress in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Klein-Nulend","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489609137872","article-title":"Expression of matrix-metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human cholesteatomas","volume":"116","author":"Schonermark","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050100359","article-title":"Up-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-9 in middle ear cholesteatoma\u2013correlations with growth factor expression in vivo?","volume":"258","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(91)90041-D","article-title":"The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in bone resorption of cholesteatoma","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200209000-00007","article-title":"Expression of epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1alpha in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma","volume":"23","author":"Yetiser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200409000-00005","article-title":"Bone destruction resulting from rupture of a cholesteatoma sac: temporal bone pathology","volume":"25","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200409000-00003","article-title":"A possible role for nitric oxide in osteoclastogenesis associated with cholesteatoma","volume":"25","author":"Jung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200303000-00009","article-title":"Osteoclast stimulating and differentiating factors in human cholesteatoma","volume":"113","author":"Hamzei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666506001137?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666506001137?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:35:20Z","timestamp":1707525320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0030666506001137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0030666506001137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6665","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}