{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:16:53Z","timestamp":1778761013194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T23:40:23Z","timestamp":1625010023000},"page":"689-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Current Evidence for Biologic Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Uma S.","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Melder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2020.01.022","article-title":"An octopus in the nostrils","volume":"137","author":"Mudry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0247-6","article-title":"Role of medical therapy in the management of nasal polyps","volume":"12","author":"Alobid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22487","article-title":"Revision surgery rates in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: meta-analysis of risk factors","volume":"10","author":"Loftus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.3810","article-title":"Depression-specific outcomes after treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"142","author":"Schlosser","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21847","article-title":"Health state utility values in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"121","author":"Soler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22406","article-title":"Effects of endoscopic sinus surgery on objective and subjective measures of cognitive dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"9","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27852","article-title":"Cost burden and resource utilization in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps","volume":"129","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25180","article-title":"Cost of adult chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13549","article-title":"Efficacy of omalizumab 150\u00a0mg\/month as a maintenance dose in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria showing a prompt and complete response to the drug","volume":"73","author":"Asero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"8 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.supplement_1.2103026","article-title":"Anti-immunoglobulin E (omalizumab) therapy in allergic asthma","volume":"164","author":"Busse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1700366","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of dupilumab versus placebo in atopic dermatitis","volume":"376","author":"Simpson","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2017.01.008","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of nasal polyps","volume":"37","author":"Willson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7720","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0449-8","article-title":"Allergic inflammatory memory in human respiratory epithelial progenitor cells","volume":"560","author":"Ordovas-Montanes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02637.x","article-title":"The association between bacterial colonization and inflammatory pattern in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps","volume":"66","author":"Ba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.020","article-title":"Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"145","author":"Bachert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.03.019","article-title":"Solitary chemosensory cells are a primary epithelial source of IL-25 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"142","author":"Kohanski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201710-2112OC","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus induces a mucosal type 2 immune response via epithelial cell-derived cytokines","volume":"198","author":"Lan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.005","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin activity is increased in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"132","author":"Nagarkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.161","article-title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are elevated and activated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"5","author":"Poposki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.2.799","article-title":"IL-13 selectively induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells","volume":"154","author":"Bochner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02498.x","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages and impaired phagocytosis of S. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"66","author":"Krysko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.031","article-title":"Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps","volume":"118","author":"Gevaert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21421","article-title":"An immunologic test for chronic rhinosinusitis based on free intranasal eosinophilic major basic protein","volume":"5","author":"Ponikau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.014","article-title":"Regulation and characterization of IL-17A expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and its relationship with eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"126","author":"Makihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.032","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials","volume":"146","author":"Gevaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.12.001","article-title":"Biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"124","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100050","article-title":"Biologics for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps - state of the art","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.19330","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous dupilumab on nasal polyp burden in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Bachert","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10209","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31881-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials","volume":"394","author":"Bachert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00533.x","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of anti-immunoglobulin E therapy with omalizumab in patients with poorly controlled (moderate-to-severe) allergic asthma","volume":"59","author":"Ayres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900701209749","article-title":"Home therapy with subcutaneous anti-immunoglobulin-E antibody omalizumab in 25 patients with immunoglobulin-E-mediated (allergic) asthma","volume":"44","author":"Liebhaber","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Asthma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215372","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria","volume":"368","author":"Maurer","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.362","article-title":"Omalizumab, an anti-IgE mAb, receives approval for the treatment of chronic idiopathic\/spontaneous urticaria","volume":"135","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin17.139","article-title":"Omalizumab treats chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma together-a real life study","volume":"56","author":"Bidder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.11.017","article-title":"The role of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"9","author":"Bachert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino09.144","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"48","author":"Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.056","article-title":"Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposis","volume":"128","author":"Gevaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.044","article-title":"Reduced need for surgery in severe nasal polyposis with mepolizumab: randomized trial","volume":"140","author":"Bachert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib39","author":"Medicine USNLo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han JK, Bachert C, Fokkens W, et al. SYNAPSE study investigators. Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med 2021;16:S2213-2600(21)00097-7. doi: 10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00097-7. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33872587.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00097-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib41","author":"Medicine USNLo"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1672657","article-title":"Tezepelumab: a novel biological therapy for the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma","volume":"28","author":"Marone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30412-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of fevipiprant in reducing exacerbations in patients with severe asthma (LUSTER-1 and LUSTER-2): two phase 3 randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Brightling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007_bib44","author":"Medicine USNLo"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666521000554?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666521000554?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1758466399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0030666521000554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0030666521000554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6665","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current Evidence for Biologic Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2021.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}