{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:07:43Z","timestamp":1788282463092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T06:25:11Z","timestamp":1725690311000},"page":"65-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Congenital Cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Kristan P.","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.1422","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: predictors for residual disease and hearing outcomes","volume":"138","author":"Stapleton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.08.001","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: theories, facts, and 53 patients","volume":"39","author":"Bennett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002521","article-title":"International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus recommendations: congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"41","author":"Denoyelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.123446","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: 20 years' experience at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","volume":"126","author":"Potsic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.7.804","article-title":"The natural history of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"128","author":"Koltai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3_Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243s","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320973785","article-title":"Isolated incudostapedial cholesteatomas: unique radiologic and surgical features","volume":"100","author":"MacDonald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib7","unstructured":"GJ DV. Traite de l\u2019organe de l\u2019ouie: contenant la structure, les ufages et les maladies de toutes les parties de l\u2019oreille. E Michallet. 1683:189."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-018-0915-5","article-title":"Cholesteatoma pearls: practical points and update","volume":"12","author":"Castle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-195308000-00004","article-title":"An apparent primary cholesteatoma","volume":"63","author":"House","year":"1953","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946507400313","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear and mastoid","volume":"74","author":"Derlacki","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2022.21450","article-title":"Congenital Mastoid Cholesteatoma","volume":"18","author":"Richards","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609400505","article-title":"A\u00a0review of twenty congenital cholesteatomas of the middle ear in children","volume":"94","author":"Levenson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-024-05877-w","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: what radiologists need to know","volume":"54","author":"Kwok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05792-4","article-title":"Middle ear congenital cholesteatoma: systematic review, meta-analysis and insights on its pathogenesis","volume":"277","author":"Gilberto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib15","first-page":"292","article-title":"The origin of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"19","author":"Karmody","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000136875.41630.d6","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"12","author":"Kazahaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-021-01342-4","article-title":"The tensor tympani tendon: a hypothetical site of origin of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"16","author":"Maccarrone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198309000-00005","article-title":"Role of the tympanic ring in the pathogenesis of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"93","author":"Aimi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6644897","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6644897","article-title":"Association of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expression with subtypes of pediatric cholesteatoma","volume":"2021","author":"Kan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05689-9","article-title":"Evaluation of significant gene expression changes in congenital and acquired cholesteatoma","volume":"47","author":"Kaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2022.111330","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma in identical twins","volume":"162","author":"Pinzas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.01.013","article-title":"Bilateral congenital cholesteatoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"107","author":"Rohlfing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328364b457","article-title":"Some considerations in congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"21","author":"James","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854024","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/854024","article-title":"Updates and knowledge gaps in cholesteatoma research","volume":"2015","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.9.1009","article-title":"A\u00a0staging system for congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"128","author":"Potsic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"EAONO\/JOS joint consensus statements on the definitions, classification and staging of middle ear cholesteatoma","volume":"13","author":"Yung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002039","article-title":"Introducing the \"ChOLE\" classification and\u00a0its\u00a0comparison to the EAONO\/JOS consensus classification for cholesteatoma staging","volume":"40","author":"Linder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2017.4049","article-title":"Implementation of the \"EAONO\/JOS definitions and classification of middle ear cholesteatoma\" - from STAM to STAMCO","volume":"13","author":"Merkus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07400-z","article-title":"Comparison of the EAONO\/JOS, STAMCO and ChOLE cholesteatoma staging systems in the prognostic evaluation of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma in children","volume":"279","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.07.017","article-title":"Pie-slice tympanoplasty for transcanal removal of small congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"76","author":"Levi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199807000-00022","article-title":"Mastoid pneumatization in children with congenital cholesteatoma: an aspect of the formation of open-type and closed-type cholesteatoma","volume":"108","author":"Iino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2019.6279","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215122001840","article-title":"Is there a clinical difference in paediatric congenital cholesteatoma according to age?","volume":"137","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211067502","article-title":"Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for congenital cholesteatoma: a multi-institutional series","volume":"167","author":"Jenks","year":"2022","journal-title":"otolaryngol head neck surg"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666524001208?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666524001208?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T13:14:22Z","timestamp":1756214062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0030666524001208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0030666524001208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6665","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Congenital Cholesteatoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2024.07.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}