{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:31:14Z","timestamp":1780579874137,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T22:53:59Z","timestamp":1729292039000},"page":"189-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anatomy and Physiology of the Nasal Valves"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Derek H.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J-F.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240401800303","article-title":"The nasal valve: a review of the anatomy, imaging, and physiology","volume":"18","author":"Wexler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib2","series-title":"Physiologie Der Oberen Luftwege","author":"Mink","year":"1920"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2016.03.001","article-title":"Management of the nasal valve","volume":"24","author":"Barrett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-02075-5","article-title":"Surgical management of the internal nasal valve: a review of surgical approaches","volume":"45","author":"Sinkler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2016.12.010","article-title":"The external nasal valve","volume":"25","author":"Hamilton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200203000-00054","article-title":"Understanding the nasal airway: principles and practice","volume":"109","author":"Howard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1944.00680010348009","article-title":"Muscles and cartilages of the nose from the standpoint of a typical rhinoplasty","volume":"39","author":"GRIESMAN","year":"1944","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02275537","article-title":"The lost muscles of the nose","volume":"20","author":"Hoeyberghs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.12.015","article-title":"Role of nasal muscles in nasal valve collapse","volume":"142","author":"Aksoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00179951","article-title":"Electromyography of the human nasal muscles","volume":"253","author":"Bruintjes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198882010-00010","article-title":"The superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the nose","volume":"82","author":"Letourneau","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199807000-00014","article-title":"A\u00a0functional anatomic study of the relationship of the nasal cartilages and muscles to the nasal valve area","volume":"108","author":"Bruintjes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2021.03.012","article-title":"Treating nasal valve collapse in facial paralysis: what I do differently","volume":"29","author":"Pou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003786","article-title":"Managing alar flare in rhinoplasty","volume":"140","author":"Rohrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003306","article-title":"Nostrilplasty by manipulating the dilator naris muscles: a pilot study","volume":"139","author":"Goffinet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21115","article-title":"New anatomical profile of the nasal musculature: dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis","volume":"24","author":"Hur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib17","first-page":"66","article-title":"Review of the functional anatomy of the cartilages and muscles of the nose","volume":"34","author":"Bruintjes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib18","series-title":"All around the nose","first-page":"39","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the external and internal nose","author":"Sakarya","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.10.5.312","article-title":"Immediate nasal valve reconstruction after facial nerve resection","volume":"10","author":"Soler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900410","article-title":"Effects of the nasal muscles on the nasal airway","volume":"19","author":"Kienstra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.1295","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of quality-of-life improvement after correction of the alar base in the flaccidly paralyzed face","volume":"17","author":"Lindsay","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib22","series-title":"Aesthetic rhinoplasty","author":"Sheen","year":"1987"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01845-5","article-title":"Cephalic malposition of the lateral crura and parenthesis deformity: a cadaver study in caucasians","volume":"44","author":"Xavier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.09.004","article-title":"Lateral crural repositioning for treatment of cephalic malposition","volume":"23","author":"Toriumi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199607000-00007","article-title":"The relative importance of septal and nasal valvular surgery in correcting airway obstruction in primary and secondary rhinoplasty","volume":"98","author":"Constantian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000138755.00167.F5","article-title":"The two essential elements for planning tip surgery in primary and secondary rhinoplasty: observations based on review of 100 consecutive patients","volume":"114","author":"Constantian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199306000-00003","article-title":"Functional effects of alar cartilage malposition","volume":"30","author":"Constantian","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199704000-00001","article-title":"Lateral crural strut graft: technique and clinical applications in rhinoplasty","volume":"99","author":"Gunter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.2552","article-title":"Lower lateral cartilage repositioning objective analysis using 3-dimensional imaging","volume":"16","author":"Bared","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.09.003","article-title":"Lateral crural tensioning for refinement of the wide and underprojected nasal tip: rethinking the lateral crural steal","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-023-00478-x","article-title":"Nasal valve management: the case to move away from grafts to tensioning","volume":"11","author":"Best","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0056","article-title":"The effects of lateral crural tensioning with an articulated alar rim graft versus lateral crural strut graft on nasal function","volume":"22","author":"Kondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1596049","article-title":"Optimizing the soft tissue triangle, alar margin furrow, and alar ridge aesthetics: analysis and use of the articulate alar rim graft","volume":"32","author":"Goodrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1602143","article-title":"Lateral crural tensioning for refinement of the nasal tip and increasing alar stability: a case series","volume":"33","author":"Foulad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0219","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of cartilage grafts in functional rhinoplasty for nasal sidewall collapse","volume":"24","author":"Hismi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-0949(05)80013-7","article-title":"Management of the middle nasal vault in rhinoplasty","volume":"2","author":"Toriumi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Operative Techniques in Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib37","series-title":"Dallas rhinoplasty nasal surgery by the masters","author":"Rohrich","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000293880.38769.cc","article-title":"The pyriform ligament","volume":"121","author":"Rohrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000918","article-title":"Anatomy of the upper lateral cartilage along the lateral pyriform aperture","volume":"135","author":"Craig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1971.00770060704004","article-title":"Studies on the support of the nasal tip","volume":"93","author":"Janeke","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saban YC, Amodeo A, Hammou JC, et al, An anatomical study of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system surgical applications in rhinoplasty. Vol 10, Available at: www.liebertpub.com, (Accessed 18 May 2024), 2008.","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.10.2.109"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1053\/otpr.2000.27156","article-title":"The alar scroll: an important anatomical structure in lobule surgery","volume":"7","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Operat Tech Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx192","article-title":"The nasal ligaments and tip support in rhinoplasty: an anatomical study","volume":"38","author":"Daniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.10.2.109","article-title":"An anatomical study of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system: surgical applications in rhinoplasty","volume":"10","author":"Saban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx264","article-title":"Scroll reconstruction: fine tuning of the interface between middle and lower thirds in rhinoplasty","volume":"39","author":"Bitik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12445471","article-title":"A\u00a0complete subperichondrial dissection technique for rhinoplasty with management of the nasal ligaments","volume":"32","author":"\u00c7akir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib47","article-title":"Reconstruction of scroll and pitanguy\u2019s ligaments in open rhinoplasty: a controlled randomized study","author":"Barone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-02125-y","article-title":"Functional role of scroll reconstruction in open rhinoplasty","author":"Ozturk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1958.00730010554006","article-title":"The importance of the membranous nasal septum","volume":"67","author":"Stovin","year":"1958","journal-title":"AMA Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib50","first-page":"75","article-title":"Nasal septal deformities in ear, nose, and throat patients. An international study","volume":"29","author":"Mladina","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.2480","article-title":"Analyzing nasal septal deviations to develop a new classification system: a computed tomography study using MATLAB and OsiriX","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib52","first-page":"21","article-title":"A\u00a0morphometric consideration of nasal septal deviations by people with paranasal complaints; a computed tomography study","volume":"41","author":"Buyukertan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib53","first-page":"220","article-title":"A\u00a0new classification of septal deviations","volume":"45","author":"Baumann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00041","article-title":"A\u00a0practical classification of septonasal deviation and an effective guide to septal surgery","volume":"104","author":"Guyuron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.01.005","article-title":"Surgical management of the deviated septum: techniques in septoplasty","volume":"42","author":"Fettman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark DW, Signore AG Del, Raithatha R, et al, Nasal airway obstruction: prevalence and anatomic contributors. Vol 97, Available at: www.entjournal.com173, (Accessed 28 April 2024).","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131809700615"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00015","article-title":"The normal inferior turbinate: histomorphometric analysis and clinical implications","volume":"113","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of nasal obstruction","volume":"51","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib59","first-page":"53","article-title":"Objective assessment of nasal obstruction","volume":"9","author":"Naito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fujita medical journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib60","first-page":"169","article-title":"Standardisation committee on objective assessment of the nasal airway I and E. Consensus report on acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry","volume":"43","author":"Clement","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2007.05.010","article-title":"Endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy: an alternative to vidian neurectomy","volume":"18","author":"Kikawada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Operat Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1907862","article-title":"Management of intractable nasal hyperreactivity by selective resection of posterior nasal nerve branches","volume":"2017","author":"Takahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30911","article-title":"Radiofrequency neurolysis of the posterior nasal nerve: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974X211041124","article-title":"Effect of radiofrequency neurolysis on the symptoms of chronic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Stolovitzky","year":"2021","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199503000-00010","article-title":"Acoustic rhinometry in the evaluation of nasal obstruction","volume":"105","author":"Roithmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.1.295","article-title":"Acoustic rhinometry: evaluation of nasal cavity geometry by acoustic reflection","volume":"66","author":"Hilberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200205000-00027","article-title":"An interpretation method for objective assessment of nasal congestion with acoustic rhinometry","volume":"112","author":"Mamikoglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000193166.57129.80","article-title":"Acoustic rhinometry: should we be using it?","volume":"14","author":"Corey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.03.051","article-title":"The relationship between nasal resistance to airflow and the airspace minimal cross-sectional area","volume":"49","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0039","article-title":"The myth of the internal nasal valve","volume":"19","author":"Tripathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.08.027","article-title":"Internal nasal valve: revisited with objective facts","volume":"134","author":"Miman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.6.4.240","article-title":"Computed tomography technique for evaluation of the nasal valve","volume":"6","author":"Poetker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2012.50","article-title":"Reformatted computed tomography to assess the internal nasal valve and association with physical examination","volume":"14","author":"Bloom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.02042.x","article-title":"Correlation between subjective and objective evaluation of the nasal airway. A systematic review of the highest level of evidence","volume":"34","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0081","article-title":"Narrowed posterior nasal airway limits efficacy of anterior septoplasty","volume":"23","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9556-2","article-title":"Effects of differences in nasal anatomy on airflow distribution: a comparison of four individuals at rest","volume":"36","author":"Segal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60755-3","article-title":"Characterization of the airflow within an average geometry of the healthy human nasal cavity","volume":"10","author":"Br\u00fcning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.08.007","article-title":"Changes in nasal airflow and heat transfer correlate with symptom improvement after surgery for nasal obstruction","volume":"46","author":"Kimbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813509776","article-title":"Perception of better nasal patency correlates with increased mucosal cooling after surgery for nasal obstruction","volume":"150","author":"Sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21319","article-title":"What is normal nasal airflow? A computational study of 22 healthy adults","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11030239","article-title":"Computational rhinology: unraveling discrepancies between in\u00a0silico and in\u00a0vivo nasal airflow assessments for enhanced clinical decision support","volume":"11","author":"Johnsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib82","first-page":"66","article-title":"Modelling nasal airflow coefficients: an insight into the nature of airflow","volume":"59","author":"O\u2019neill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20585","article-title":"Assessment of septal deviation effects on nasal air flow: a computational fluid dynamics model","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01118.2018","article-title":"The complexities of nasal airflow: theory and practice","volume":"127","author":"O\u2019neill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-00089-y","article-title":"Computational technology for nasal cartilage-related clinical research and application","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib86","series-title":"Materials science and engineering: an introduction","author":"Callister","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2011.1111","article-title":"Intraoperative suction-assisted evaluation of the nasal valve in rhinoplasty","volume":"14","author":"Zoumalan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2011.1450","article-title":"The nasal valve dilemma: the narrow straw vs the weak wall","volume":"14","author":"Rhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666524001610?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030666524001610?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T20:37:40Z","timestamp":1751402260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0030666524001610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0030666524001610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6665","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anatomy and Physiology of the Nasal Valves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2024.09.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}