{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:10:39Z","timestamp":1761822639250,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4399,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Olfactory neuroblastoma constitutes a rare and, in clinical terms, biologically variable tumor of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and the base of the skull and presents a challenge to a modern multidisciplinary therapy. Generally acknowledged prognostic factors and a standard therapy fail to exist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1975 and 2000 we diagnosed and treated 26 patients with an olfactory neuroblastoma. According to Kadish's classification, 1 patient (4%) showed stage A, 16 patients (53%) stage B, and 11 cases (43%) stage C. Hyams grading was established in 81% of all cases. Fifty\u2010two percent were thus classified as low\u2010grade and 48% as highgrade tumors. Surgical therapy was performed on 23 patients (88.5%), surgery being the exclusive form of therapy (monotherapy) in 5 of these patients. Combined therapy was carried out in 18 cases (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, 16 of 26 treated patients (61.5%) are alive. The disease\u2010specific 10\u2010 and 15\u2010year survival determined according to Kaplan\u2010Meier is 76.2%. Fifteen\u2010year survival amounts to 86.7% for smaller tumors (Kadish A\/B) and 63.6% for advanced tumors (Kadish C). Seven (26.9%) of the overall group of treated patients developed a recurrence. Salvage therapy was successful in 60% (3 of 5 patients). Fifteen\u2010year survival following salvage therapy amounts to 60%. Patients with highgrade tumors exhibit a significantly reduced 10\u2010year survival (40%) compared to patients with low\u2010grade tumors (100%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The therapy of olfactory neuroblastoma calls for an interdisciplinary multimodal therapeutic strategy, particularly in the case of advanced tumors. Tumor staging and histopathologic grading according to Hyams are important factors for survival and prognosis. Aggressive salvage therapy can lead to a distinct improvement of long\u2010term survival. 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