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Other organisms that possess interfering characteristics in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are nonhemolytic streptococci, and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. The production of bacteriocins by some microorganisms is one of the important mechanisms of interference. The role of bacterial interference in the development of URTI and its effect on the eradication of these infections is discussed. These infections include pharyngo\u2010tonsillitis, otitis media, and sinusitis. Treatment with various antimicrobial agents can affect the balance between members of the oro\u2010pharyngeal bacterial flora and interfering organisms. Implantation into the indigenous microflora of low virulence bacterial strains that are potentially capable of interfering with colonization and infection with other more virulent organisms has been used in preliminary studies as a means of coping with the failure of antimicrobials in the treatment of several URTI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]],"date-time":"2005-07-18T09:51:22Z","timestamp":1121680282000},"page":"139-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["The Role of Bacterial Interference in Otitis, Sinusitis and Tonsillitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Itzhak","family":"Brook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Georgetown University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-14-1-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m83-114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Bacterial interference and competition","author":"Wannamaker LW","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1995.tb01068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.9.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.2.171-200.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-4328(96)00028-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/337093a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.2.171-200.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/134.3.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/6.5.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/120.6.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/128.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.13.3.808-812.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.16.2.599-603.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"946","article-title":"The role of bacterial antagonism in pneumococcal colonization of the human pharynx","volume":"75","author":"Johanson WG","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/129.6.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963463"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.134.3.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.9.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.138.5.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00913504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548609032342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Bacterial interference in the throat flora during a streptococcal tonsillitis outbreak in an apartment house area","volume":"256","author":"Grahn E","year":"1983","journal-title":"Zbl Bakt Hyg A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Role of bacterial interference and beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing bacteria in the failure of penicillin to eradicate group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. 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