{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:09:03Z","timestamp":1771463343338,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3485,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the perceptual assessment of vocal quality in subglottic stenosis (SGS) patients and to identify risk factors for dysphonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review, academic center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perceptual voice assessment using GRBAS scale (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain); patient characteristics determined for 31 SGS cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean GRBAS (0 to 3 scale, 0 = normal quality) for SGS patients at their initial visit was G(1.4)R(1.2)B(0.5) A(0.5)S(1.1). For males vs females: G(2.1 vs 1.1)R(2.0 vs 0.8)B(1.0 vs 0.4)A(1.0 vs 0.3)S(1.7 vs 0.9). The Grade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.03), Breathiness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.04), and Asthenia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02) assessments were significantly more dysphonic in patients with multilevel stenosis; vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) also impacted overall Grade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Overall Grade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.002), Roughness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.007), and Breathiness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.006) were significantly worse in patients with prior airway surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>SGS patients demonstrate a mild to moderate change in perceptual voice characteristics with males in this series being more affected than females. Negative risk factors include multiple stenoses, VFMI, and previous airway surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SIGNIFICANCE<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first systematic report of perceptual voice assessment in subglottic stenosis. SGS patients have notable degrees of dysphonia with identifiable risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.06.1249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,28]],"date-time":"2006-10-28T07:18:43Z","timestamp":1162019923000},"page":"730-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Perceptual voice analysis of patients with subglottic stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Ettema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Surgical Services, Zablocki VAMC Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol Jorgensen","family":"Tolejano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Surgical 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