{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:15:54Z","timestamp":1777461354849,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the histology of the normal and pathologic middle turbinate (MT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonrandomized, controlled study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SUBJECTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative and quantitative assessment of soft tissue and bony elements of 14\u00a0normal and 10 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) MT samples (patients' mean CT score, 6.5 \u00b1 6.7). A comparison with 14\u00a0normal inferior turbinate (IT) samples was accomplished. Quantitative assessment was limited to the lateral mucosal layer (LML).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The thickness of the LML was significantly greater in pathologic MT than in normal MT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). Except for veins that underwent significant increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036), other soft tissue constituents of the pathologic MT did not change significantly. Glands were more abundant in normal MT and veins in normal IT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, respectively). Qualitative assessment showed larger veins in the normal IT compared with the normal MT. Inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, and fibrosis were found in CRS. None of our MT bones exhibited osteomyelitic changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The different proportion of glands suggests varied functional roles for both the MT and IT. The significant involvement of the MT in the inflammatory process of CRS and the relatively small size and paucity of veins with relatively little effect on nasal airflow justify partial excision of the MT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,7]],"date-time":"2009-01-07T08:42:15Z","timestamp":1231317735000},"page":"48-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Old and new aspects of middle turbinate histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Gilead","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear, Nose, and Throat Histopathologic Research Laboratory Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Meir Medical Center Kfar Saba Israel"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Meir Medical Center Kfar Saba Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of 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