{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:58:12Z","timestamp":1760986692961,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the validity of inducing ototoxicity in rats by applying a sponge soaked in kanamycin and furosemide on the round window.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Basic, randomized, nonblind experimental study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal models of cochlear damage and reliable methods of local drug delivery are fundamental to study hearing loss and to design new therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four experimental groups of six Wistar rats with different methods of drug administration were used: (1) injection of subcutaneous kanamycin (400\u00a0mg\/kg) and intravenous furosemide (100\u00a0mg\/kg); (2) local application of a sponge soaked in saline close to the round window; (3) animals for which the sponge was soaked in a solution containing kanamycin (200\u00a0mg\/mL) and furosemide (50\u00a0mg\/mL); and (4) sham\u2010operated rats. The tympanic bulla was exposed using a ventral approach, and a bullostomy was performed to visualize the round window membrane. Cochlear function was assessed by measuring the auditory brainstem response, and hearing thresholds in response to click and tone burst stimuli were determined as peak and interpeak latencies. At the end of the study, cochlear histology was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic administration of kanamycin and furosemide induced profound hearing loss and severe hair cell damage. Local delivery of these ototoxic drugs caused comparable damage but avoided the systemic side effects of the drug. Sham\u2010operated and saline control animals did not experience functional alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Situating a sponge soaked in kanamycin and furosemide on the round window membrane through the ventral approach is a reliable method to provoke local ototoxicity in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.07.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,25]],"date-time":"2009-10-25T04:10:08Z","timestamp":1256443808000},"page":"584-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Direct drug application to the round window: A comparative study of ototoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Murillo\u2010Cuesta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas 'Alberto Sols' Consejo Superior de Investigaciones 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