{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:28:18Z","timestamp":1776400098795,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunologic response to fungal antigens has been cited as an etiologic factor in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous work demonstrated a significant cytokine response in CRS patients that did not correlate with an immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. This study was performed in an effort to replicate these findings in a more geographically diverse population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective in vitro study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two academic tertiary rhinologic practices in Texas and Utah.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were obtained from 10 CRS patients and seven controls. Total IgE and fungal\u2010specific IgE levels were determined. Cytokine levels were measured after PBMC exposure to <jats:italic>Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> extracts. Correlations between cytokine responses and presence of CRS as well as IgE and IgG were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interleukin\u20105 (IL\u20105) was produced after <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> extract exposure in both CRS patients and controls, but the production was heterogenous and did not correlate with the presence of CRS. IL\u20105 levels after <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> extract exposure correlated strongly with levels of <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific IgE in both CRS patients and controls. IL\u20105 production did not correlate with IgG levels. IL\u20104, IL\u201013, and interferon\u2010gamma production did not differ between CRS patients and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to previously reported data, IL\u20105 responses to <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> extract were not predictive of CRS presence. Our results in patients from Utah and Texas significantly differ from previously published findings in predominantly Midwestern patients. The immunologic response to fungal extracts appears to be heterogenous and may differ based on geography, allergy status, and\/or other as\u2010yet unknown factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,24]],"date-time":"2009-11-24T04:57:23Z","timestamp":1259038643000},"page":"750-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Immunologic Response to Fungus is not Universally Associated with Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Section George E. Wahlen Veteran Affairs Medical Center Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley F.","family":"Marple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Texas\u2010Southwestern Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Georgelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Durtschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/74.9.877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.128896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200302000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"PonikauJU Inventor. Methods and materials for treating and preventing inflammation of mucosal tissue. United States patent US 6207703.2001March 27."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(00)80018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240401800104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Utah Division of Water Resources.Long\u2010term water supply outlook. Available at:http:\/\/www.water.utah.gov\/waterconditions\/WaterSupplyOutlook\/default.asp. Accessed October 19 2009."}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:09:13Z","timestamp":1760969353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.09.016","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-08-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-09-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}