{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T17:27:30Z","timestamp":1774114050046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether air quality influences the prevalence of pediatric frequent ear infections and respiratory allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Health Interview Survey child sample for the calendar years 1997 through 2006 was analyzed, extracting 12\u2010month prevalence data for the following three disease conditions: frequent (\u22653 within 12\u00a0months) ear infections, respiratory allergy, and seizures (nonrespiratory control condition). Based on information from the Environmental Protection Agency, yearly historical data for the air quality criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrous dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter were tabulated. Graphical and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the influence of air quality on each of the disease conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 126,060 children were studied (51.4% male, mean age 8.6 yrs). Overall, the 12\u2010month prevalence for three or more ear infections, respiratory allergy, and seizures was 6.6%, 11.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. Air quality steadily improved over the study period. Statistically significant positive regression coefficients were obtained for each of the criteria pollutants with ear infections (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with regression coefficients ranging from 0.007 (particulate matter) to 11.2 (sulfur dioxide). For respiratory allergies, nonstatistically significant regression coefficients for the criteria pollutants were obtained (range &lt;0.001\u20100.379, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2265 0.409). For the nonrespiratory condition seizures, nonsignificant regression coefficients were again identified (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2265 0.404).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Better air quality is significantly associated with lower prevalence of pediatric frequent ear infections but is not associated with the prevalence of pediatric respiratory allergy. Improvements in air quality may be implicated in the decreased rates of pediatric ear infections over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,16]],"date-time":"2010-01-16T04:16:06Z","timestamp":1263615366000},"page":"242-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Air quality improvement and the prevalence of frequent ear infections in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Division of Otolaryngology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina L.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9906105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200108-007OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00402603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00083406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Clean Air Act. Available at:http:\/\/epw.senate.gov\/envlaws\/cleanair.pdf. Accessed May 8 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Integrated Health Interview Survey: Version 1.0","author":"Minnesota Population Center and State Health Access Data Assistance Center","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air trends. Available at:http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/air\/airtrends\/index.html. Accessed May 7 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20097"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:08:39Z","timestamp":1760969319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-02-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}