{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:28:00Z","timestamp":1790980080558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>A proposed mechanism for presbycusis is a significant increase in oxidative stress in the cochlea. The enzymes glutathione S\u2010transferase (GST) and N\u2010acetyltransferase (NAT) are two classes of antioxidant enzymes active in the cochlea. In this work, we sought to investigate the association of different polymorphisms of <jats:italic>GSTM1, GSTT1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>NAT2<\/jats:italic> and presbycusis and analyze whether ethnicity has an effect in the genotype\u2010phenotype associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010control study of 134 DNA samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>University\u2010based tertiary care center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SUBJECTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical, audiometric, and DNA testing of 55 adults with presbycusis and 79 control patients with normal hearing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> null genotype was present in 77 percent of white Hispanics and 51 percent of white non\u2010Hispanics (Fisher's exact test, 2\u2010tail, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0262). The <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> null genotype was present in 34 percent of control patients and in 60 percent of white presbycusis subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0067, odds ratio [OR] = 2.843, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.379\u20135.860). The <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> null genotype was more frequent in presbycusis subjects, i.e., 48 percent of control patients and 69 percent of white subjects carried this deletion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0198, OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.163\u20135.067). The <jats:italic>NAT2\u22176A<\/jats:italic> mutant genotype was more frequent among subjects with presbycusis (60%) than in control patients (34%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0086, OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.355\u20136.141).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>We showed an increased risk of presbycusis among white subjects carrying the <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> null genotype and the <jats:italic>NAT\u22176A<\/jats:italic> mutant allele. Subjects with the <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> null genotypes are almost three times more likely to develop presbycusis than those with the wild type. The <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> null genotype was more prevalent in white Hispanics than in white non\u2010Hispanics, but the <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NAT2<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms were equally represented in the two groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u00a9 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.03.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T05:06:20Z","timestamp":1279602380000},"page":"263-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Antioxidant enzymes, presbycusis, and ethnic variability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Bared","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Angeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Lin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue Zhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"National Strategic Research Plan","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000013822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00226-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489709117778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.6.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1999.0240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5271.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480152583593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3000271"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000169774.23668.f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.12.5237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000183694.10583.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau:State and County QuickFacts(2008). 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