{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:52:03Z","timestamp":1792057923545,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically review outcomes of reinnervation techniques for the management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medline and Cochrane databases for English\u2010language studies published between 1966 and 2009 on the surgical management of UVFP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>REVIEW METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies were excluded if they reported on bilateral vocal fold paralysis, used nonhuman subjects, or did not assess clinical outcomes. Outcomes of interest were visual analysis, acoustic analysis, perceptual analysis, and electromyography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 686\u00a0initial studies, 14 studies encompassing 329 patients were eligible for analysis. All studies had a case\u2010series design. Of reported patients, 60.2 percent were men, with mean age of 51 years (range, 12\u201079 years). The most common reinnervation technique was ansa cervicalis\u2010to\u2010recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which was most commonly performed after thyroidectomy (43.5%). Other techniques with reportable outcomes included primary RLN anastomosis, ansa\u2010to\u2010RLN combined with cricothyroid muscle\u2010nerve\u2010muscle pedicle, ansa\u2010to\u2010thyroarytenoid neural implantation, ansa\u2010to\u2010thyroarytenoid neuromuscular pedicle, and hypoglossal\u2010to\u2010RLN. Median postsurgical follow\u2010up was 12\u00a0months, and mean time to first signs of reinnervation was 4.5\u00a0months (SD 2.9\u00a0months). Visual analysis of glottic gap showed the greatest mean improvement with ansa\u2010to\u2010RLN, from 2.25 (SD 0.886) to 0.75 (SD 0.886) mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Acoustic analysis showed greatest improvement with neural implantation, with a change in mean phonation time from seven (SD 1.22) to 16 (SD 5.52) seconds (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Perceptual analysis and electromyography demonstrated improvement in all studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reinnervation is effective in the management of UVFP, although the specific method may be dictated by anatomical limitations. 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