{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:05:37Z","timestamp":1769569537703,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T17:57:51Z","timestamp":1589997471000},"page":"803-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Induced-membrane treatment of refractory humeral non-union with or without bone defect"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain-Charles","family":"Masquelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Boutroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Cambon-Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200402000-00008","article-title":"Nonunions of the Humerus","volume":"419","author":"Volgas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198706000-00030","article-title":"Nonunion of the humeral shaft","author":"Healy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199308000-00009","article-title":"Surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures--the Basel experience","volume":"35","author":"Heim","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200202000-00007","article-title":"Humeral shaft nonunion: evaluation of uniform surgical repair in fifty-one patients","volume":"16","author":"Marti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.07.001","article-title":"Humeral shaft fractures: union outcomes in a large cohort","volume":"26","author":"Harkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470310013734","article-title":"Recalcitrant posttraumatic nonunion of the humerus: 23 patients reconstructed with vascularized bone graft","volume":"74","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-1973-0","article-title":"Treatment of non-union of humerus diaphyseal fractures: a prospective study comparing interlocking nail and locking compression plate","volume":"134","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000069898.31220.9e","article-title":"Open exchange locked nailing in humeral nonunions after intramedullary nailing","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.09.041","article-title":"Union rate after operative treatment of humeral shaft nonunion\u2013A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31812e5578","article-title":"Infected nonunion of the long bones","volume":"21","author":"Struijs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.06.014","article-title":"Two stage reconstruction of septic non-union of the humerus with the use of circular external fixation","volume":"47","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B6.20392","article-title":"Callus distraction for humeral nonunion with bone loss and limb shortening caused by chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000084399.53464.4e","article-title":"Results of treatment of infected humeral nonunions: the Mayo Clinic experience","author":"Haidukewych","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000157928.20381.46","article-title":"Recalcitrant nonunion of the distal humerus: treatment with free vascularized bone grafting","author":"Beredjiklian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19860601-07","article-title":"Free vascularized bone transfers for nonunions, segmental gaps, and following tumor resection","volume":"9","author":"Wood","year":"1986","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2007.09.003","article-title":"Humeral Nonunion","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.06.340","article-title":"Similarities between induced membrane and amniotic membrane: Novelty for bone repair","volume":"59","author":"Gindraux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/term.227","article-title":"Industrial approach in developing an advanced therapy product for bone repair","volume":"4","author":"Gindraux","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0390","first-page":"67","article-title":"83 Pseudarthroses r\u00e9sistante des os longs et BMP 7: \u00e9valuation de la consolidation osseuse radiographique et histologique dans des cas appari\u00e9s ou compassionnels","volume":"93","author":"Obert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80008-8","article-title":"Humeral diaphyseal aseptic non-unions: an algorithm of management","volume":"38","author":"Kontakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.030","article-title":"Validation of the Non-Union Scoring System in 300 long bone non-unions","volume":"45","author":"Calori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0405","first-page":"299","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of humeral non-unions: radiological and functional results","volume":"77","author":"Abalo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198901000-00020","article-title":"A combined therapeutic protocol for aseptic nonunion of the humeral shaft: a report of 25 cases","volume":"29","author":"Barquet","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.11.006","article-title":"Uninfected nonunion of the humeral diaphyses: review of 21 patients treated with shingling, compression plate, and autologous bone graft","volume":"96","author":"Bernard de Dompsure","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0420","first-page":"1442","article-title":"Plate fixation of ununited humeral shaft fractures: effect of type of bone graft on healing","volume":"88","author":"Hierholzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70138-8","article-title":"Treatment of nonunion of humeral shaft fracture with dynamic compression plate and cancellous bone graft","volume":"68","author":"Hsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-002-0354-4","article-title":"Non-union of the humeral shaft treated by internal fixation","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0435","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Revision with dynamic compression plate and cancellous bone graft for aseptic nonunion after surgical treatment of humeral shaft fracture","volume":"67","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0863-5","article-title":"Anterior plating as a surgical alternative in the treatment of humeral shaft non-union","volume":"34","author":"Livani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0445","first-page":"67","article-title":"Treatment of Osteopenic or Non-united Fractures of the Humerus with Structure Bone Allograft and Non-locking Plates","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0450","first-page":"773","article-title":"Failure of locked centro-medullary nailing in pseudarthrosis of the humeral diaphysis","volume":"86","author":"Dujardin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200103000-00021","article-title":"Nonunion after intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures","volume":"50","author":"Flinkkil\u00e4","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-003-0470-9","article-title":"Locked intramedullary nailing for difficult nonunions of the humeral diaphysis","volume":"27","author":"Ilyas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1008-1275(08)60068-1","article-title":"Treatment of nonunions of humeral fractures with interlocking intramedullary nailing","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol Zhonghua Chuang Shang Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-3203(01)00082-8","article-title":"Marchetti nailing with decortication and bone graft in non-unions of the two upper thirds of the humerus","volume":"21","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.09.002","article-title":"Failure of reamed nailing in humeral non-union: an analysis of 26 patients","volume":"36","author":"Verbruggen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0480","first-page":"36","article-title":"Treatment of non union of humerus using G.A. Ilizarov technique","volume":"13","author":"Bari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.69319","article-title":"Ilizarov's method for treatment of nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus","volume":"44","author":"Kiran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199808000-00026","article-title":"Treatment of nonunion of the humerus using the Ilizarov external fixator","author":"Lammens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"SD35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00114-0","article-title":"Treatment of non-union of the humerus using the Orthofix external fixator","volume":"32","author":"Lavini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B7.0820977","article-title":"Nonunion of the humerus after failure of surgical treatment. Management using the Ilizarov circular fixator","volume":"82","author":"Patel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70003-2","article-title":"Fracture healing: the diamond concept","volume":"38","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30840-3","article-title":"Restoration of long bone defects treated with the induced membrane technique: protocol and outcomes","volume":"47S6","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00165-7","article-title":"Induced membranes secrete growth factors including vascular and osteoinductive factors and could stimulate bone regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Pelissier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Off Publ Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00310","article-title":"The mechanism of action of induced membranes in bone repair","volume":"95","author":"Aho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.08.009","article-title":"Induced periosteum a complex cellular scaffold for the treatment of large bone defects","volume":"57","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114122","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114122","article-title":"The Masquelet technique for membrane induction and the healing of ovine critical sized segmental defects","volume":"9","author":"Christou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0287-4","article-title":"Induction of granulation tissue for the secretion of growth factors and the promotion of bone defect repair","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B1.35682","article-title":"Treatment of nonunions in fractures of the humeral shaft according to the Diamond Concept","volume":"98\u2013B","author":"Miska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E382","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1826","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of the Masquelet induced membrane technique in a rat femur critical-sized defect model","volume":"10","author":"Henrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1921","article-title":"Osteoclasts and their precursors are present in the induced-membrane during bone reconstruction using the Masquelet technique","volume":"11","author":"Gouron","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2009.07.010","article-title":"Use of the induced membrane technique for bone tissue engineering purposes: animal studies","volume":"41","author":"Viateau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1949.6.2.0113","article-title":"A Technique for Transplant of the Musculospiral Nerve in Open Reduction of Fractures of the Mid-Shaft of the Humerus","volume":"6","author":"Schnitker","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31818b6aa9","article-title":"Anterior transposition of the radial nerve-a cadaveric study","volume":"22","author":"Yakkanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-073X.2007.00174.x","article-title":"Medial transposition of the radial nerve for anterolateral plate fixation of the humerus: Cadaveric study","volume":"82","author":"Bacakoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.04.008","article-title":"Transhumeral Anterior Radial Nerve Transposition to Simplify Anticipated Future Humeral Reconstruction","volume":"42","author":"Muzykewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000072470.32680.60","article-title":"Radial Nerve Transposition With Humeral Fracture Fixation: Preliminary Results","volume":"413","author":"Olarte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3397-7","article-title":"Transfracture medial transposition of the radial nerve associated with plate fixation of the humerus","volume":"41","author":"Chamseddine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-012-1065-1","article-title":"Trans-fracture transposition of the radial nerve during the open approach of humeral shaft fractures","volume":"23","author":"Chamseddine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056820301444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056820301444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:44:34Z","timestamp":1761795874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056820301444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056820301444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Induced-membrane treatment of refractory humeral non-union with or without bone defect","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.02.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}