{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:14:06Z","timestamp":1790363646504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T21:02:07Z","timestamp":1593810127000},"page":"1645-1651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["A randomized controlled trial of minor hand surgeries comparing wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet and local anesthesia with tourniquet"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sang","family":"Ki Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung","family":"Gul Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won","family":"Sik Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90347-6","article-title":"Upper extremity tourniquet tolerance","volume":"18","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1972.04180020070013","article-title":"Tourniquet time in hand surgery","volume":"104","author":"Flatt","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/22201173.2012.10872818","article-title":"Complications of the arterial tourniquet","volume":"18","author":"Van der Spuy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Southern African J Anaesth Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00634","article-title":"Surgical tourniquets in orthopaedics","volume":"91","author":"Noordin","year":"2009","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f52549","article-title":"Discussion. Do not use epinephrine in digital blocks: myth or truth? Part II. A retrospective review of 1111 cases","volume":"126","author":"Lalonde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.05.006","article-title":"A multicenter prospective study of 3,110 consecutive cases of elective epinephrine use in the fingers and hand: the Dalhousie Project clinical phase","volume":"30","author":"Lalonde","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f44486","article-title":"Do not use epinephrine in digital blocks: myth or truth? Part II. A retrospective review of 1111 cases","volume":"126","author":"Chowdhry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318195664c","article-title":"Wide-awake flexor tendon repair","volume":"123","author":"Lalonde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f1c0ef","article-title":"Hole-in-one local anesthesia for wide-awake carpal tunnel surgery","volume":"126","author":"Lalonde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2003.08.006","article-title":"Randomized trial of buffered versus plain lidocaine for local anaesthesia in open carpal tunnel decompression","volume":"29","author":"Watts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.029","article-title":"Double-blind, bilateral pain comparison with simultaneous injection of 2% lidocaine versus buffered 2% lidocaine for periocular anesthesia","volume":"119","author":"Welch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031202000207","article-title":"How acidic is the lidocaine we are injecting, and how much bicarbonate should we add?","volume":"20","author":"Frank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199910000-00015","article-title":"Effect of epinephrine on lidocaine clearance in vivo: a microdialysis study in humans","volume":"91","author":"Bernards","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182818ced","article-title":"Optimal time delay between epinephrine injection and incision to minimize bleeding","volume":"131","author":"McKee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199606000-00009","article-title":"Lidocaine and epinephrine levels in tumescent technique liposuction","volume":"97","author":"Guzman-Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.07.017","article-title":"Dosage of local anesthesia in wide awake hand surgery","volume":"38","author":"Lalonde","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030301100408","article-title":"How long does it take phentolamine to reverse adrenaline-induced vasoconstriction in the finger and hand?. A prospective, randomized, blinded study. The Dalhousie project experimental phase","volume":"11","author":"Nodwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31829ad1e2","article-title":"Minimizing the pain of local anesthesia injection","volume":"132","author":"Strazar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0215","series-title":"Topic Report","article-title":"Likert Scales","author":"Betram","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80293-2","article-title":"Pain reduction in local anesthetic administration through pH buffering","volume":"17","author":"Christoph","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200001000-00007","article-title":"Alkalinization of amide local anaesthetics by addition of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution","volume":"17","author":"Milner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.03.033","article-title":"Plating of distal radius fracture using the wide-awake anesthesia technique","volume":"43","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.12790\/ahm.2017.22.4.233","article-title":"Wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique for extensor indicis proprius tendon transfer","volume":"22","author":"Chae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Hand Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.11.013","article-title":"Postoperative pain after foraminal enlargement in anterior teeth with necrosis and apical periodontitis: a prospective and randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056820301328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056820301328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:45:06Z","timestamp":1761795906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056820301328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056820301328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A randomized controlled trial of minor hand surgeries comparing wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet and local anesthesia with tourniquet","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}