{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:30:24Z","timestamp":1793118624554,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T02:48:13Z","timestamp":1616208493000},"page":"102896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Promising results after hemi-shoulder arthroplasty using pyrolytic carbon heads in young and middle-aged patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0547-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Tsitlakidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Doll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Westhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9859-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pit","family":"Hetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Sowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0215","series-title":"Hip, Knee & Shoulder Arthroplasty Annual Report","first-page":"219","author":"Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-017-3495-2","article-title":"Pyrocarbon interposition shoulder arthroplasty in advanced collapse of the humeral head","volume":"46","author":"Hudek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.10.023","article-title":"Hemiarthroplasty vs. total shoulder replacement for rotator cuff intact osteoarthritis: how do they fare after a decade?","volume":"22","author":"Sandow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.03.013","article-title":"Minimum fifteen-year follow-up of Neer hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in patients aged fifty years or younger","volume":"13","author":"Sperling","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.02.896","article-title":"Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty used for glenohumeral osteoarthritis has higher survival rates than hemiarthroplasty: a Nordic registry-based study","volume":"26","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2017.1280656","article-title":"Functional results of hemi- and total shoulder arthroplasty according to diagnosis and patient age at surgery","volume":"88","author":"Sowa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6042.118915","article-title":"Total shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for glenohumeral arthritis: a systematic review of the literature at long-term follow-up","volume":"7","author":"van den Bekerom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Shoulder Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.09.029","article-title":"What can be learned from an analysis of 215 glenoid component failures?","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01263","article-title":"Glenoid component failure in total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"90","author":"Matsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00552","article-title":"Failure of the glenoid component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review of the English-language literature between 2006 and 2012","volume":"95","author":"Papadonikolakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-016-9319-x","article-title":"Porous metals and alternate bearing surfaces in shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"9","author":"Carpenter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B.32890","article-title":"Anatomical total shoulder replacement with rotator cuff repair for osteoarthritis of the shoulder","volume":"96\u2013B","author":"Simone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.09.029","article-title":"Shoulder arthroplasty options in young (<\u00a050 years old) patients: review of current concepts","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.07.016","article-title":"Shoulder arthroplasty in patients younger than 50 years: minimum 20-year follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Schoch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.01.002","article-title":"Pyrocarbon interposition shoulder arthroplasty: preliminary results from a prospective multicenter study at 2 years of follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Garret","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jses.2018.09.002","article-title":"Pyrolytic carbon humeral head in hemi-shoulder arthroplasty: preliminary results at 2-year follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Garret","year":"2019","journal-title":"JSES Open Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00603","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of shoulder hemiarthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis","volume":"94","author":"Levine","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1308\/003588412X13373405386655","article-title":"Early results of a prospective study on the pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) Amandys\u00ae for osteoarthritis of the wrist","volume":"94","author":"Daruwalla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.08.033","article-title":"Clinical and radiologic outcomes of pyrocarbon radial head prosthesis: midterm results","volume":"25","author":"Gauci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.06.008","article-title":"Midterm clinical and radiographic follow-up of pyrolytic carbon PIP arthroplasty","volume":"45","author":"Mora","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193412453698","article-title":"Metacarpophalangeal joint arthroscopy: outcomes for the painful, radiographically normal joint","volume":"39","author":"Wall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0320","article-title":"Pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty: minimum five-year follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Dickson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0325","first-page":"293","article-title":"[Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) finger prosthesis\u00a0\u2013\u00a0what have we learnt? Experiences over 10 years]","volume":"44","author":"Vogt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v037a01","article-title":"Pyrocarbon versus cobalt-chromium in the context of spherical interposition implants: an in vitro study on cultured chondrocytes","volume":"37","author":"Hannoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19980915)41:4<534::AID-JBM4>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Evaluation of fibrocartilage regeneration and bone response at full-thickness cartilage defects in articulation with pyrolytic carbon or cobalt-chromium alloy hemiarthroplasties","volume":"41","author":"Kawalec","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.10.009","article-title":"Normalization of the Constant score","volume":"14","author":"Katolik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199509000-00008","article-title":"Humeral fractures after shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"77","author":"Wright","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.013","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of prosthetic humeral head size after anatomic shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"Alolabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1522-1","article-title":"Overstuffing in resurfacing hemiarthroplasty is a potential risk for failure","volume":"14","author":"Geervliet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-1008-6","article-title":"Low inter-observer agreement among experienced shoulder surgeons assessing overstuffing of glenohumeral resurfacing hemiarthroplasty based on plain radiographs","volume":"13","author":"Sandau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.09.005","article-title":"Determination of humeral head size in anatomic shoulder replacement for glenohumeral osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Youderian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.116871","article-title":"The effect of articular malposition after total shoulder arthroplasty on glenohumeral translations, range of motion, and subacromial impingement","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.03.020","article-title":"Shoulder hemiarthroplasty: outcomes and long-term survival analysis according to etiology","volume":"98","author":"Gadea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.07.019","article-title":"Shoulder arthroplasty for atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head","volume":"25","author":"Schoch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.06.004","article-title":"Risk factors for glenoid erosion in patients with shoulder hemiarthroplasty: an analysis of 118 cases","volume":"26","author":"Herschel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.01.029","article-title":"Shoulder arthroplasty in patients 59 years of age and younger","volume":"22","author":"Dillon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.09.016","article-title":"Mid- to long-term follow-up of total shoulder arthroplasty using a keeled glenoid in young adults with primary glenohumeral arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Denard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B7.BJJ-2016-1365.R1","article-title":"The medium- and long-term outcome of total shoulder arthroplasty for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis in middle-aged patients","volume":"99-B","author":"Sowa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.09.028","article-title":"Evaluation of satisfaction and durability after hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in a cohort of patients aged 50 years or younger: an analysis of discordance of patient satisfaction and implant survival","volume":"25","author":"Eichinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.06.035","article-title":"Reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for acute proximal humeral fractures. A blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Sebastia-Forcada","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.01.001","article-title":"Shoulder hemi arthroplasty radiological and clinical outcomes at more than two years follow-up","volume":"96","author":"Ohl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B4.BJR-2018-0620.R1","article-title":"A population-based comparison of joint survival of hemiarthroplasty versus total shoulder arthroplasty in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"101-B","author":"Lapner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056821001158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056821001158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:45:24Z","timestamp":1761795924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056821001158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056821001158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Promising results after hemi-shoulder arthroplasty using pyrolytic carbon heads in young and middle-aged patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102896","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102896"}}