{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:50:51Z","timestamp":1793245851518,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T21:43:10Z","timestamp":1713908590000},"page":"103896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A systematic scoping review of the latest data on orthobiologics in the surgical treatment of non-union"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Mouallem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Leduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique M.","family":"Rouleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Chapleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.04.002","article-title":"Delayed union and nonunions: epidemiology, clinical issues and financial aspects","volume":"45","author":"Hak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.02.012","article-title":"Autologous iliac crest bone graft: should it still be the gold standard for treating nonunions?","volume":"38","author":"Sen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0432-1","article-title":"Clinical and research approaches to treat non-union fracture","volume":"16","author":"Schlundt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001122","article-title":"Principles of non-union management: state of the art","volume":"32","author":"Nauth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0245","first-page":"Cd006950","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) for fracture healing in adults","volume":"2010","author":"Garrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.11.016","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins in orthopaedic trauma surgery","volume":"42","author":"Argintar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.06.035","article-title":"Clavicle non-union: plate and graft type do not affect healing rates-a single surgeon experience with 71 cases","volume":"30","author":"Wiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01115","article-title":"Healing the index humeral shaft non-union: risk factors for development of a recalcitrant non-union in 125 patients","volume":"102","author":"Wiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.11.024","article-title":"Resorbable polylactide membrane for the treatment of segmental bone defects","volume":"53","author":"Nahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04307-z","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cell implantation, hydroxyapatite, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and internal fixation for treating critical-sized defects: a translational study","volume":"43","author":"Dilogo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194597","article-title":"Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the treatment of long bone non-unions","volume":"10","author":"Fuchs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0280","first-page":"1401","article-title":"An audit of the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 treatment in patients with non-union of long bone fractures","volume":"72","author":"Janjua","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1704-0","article-title":"Long-term outcome following additional rhBMP-7 application in revision surgery of aseptic humeral, femoral, and tibial shaft non-union","volume":"18","author":"Hackl","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculo Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.08.008","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) -2 and -7 in the adjunct treatment of lower limb nonunions","volume":"104","author":"Haubruck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018","article-title":"Use of Masquelet technique in treatment of septic and atrophic fracture non-union","volume":"50","author":"Raven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04840-2","article-title":"Preliminary outcomes of the combination of demineralized bone matrix and platelet Rich plasma in the treatment of long bone non-unions","volume":"22","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3231","article-title":"Minimally invasive treatment of long bone non-unions with bone marrow concentrate, demineralized bone matrix and platelet-rich fibrin in 38 patients","volume":"15","author":"Cevolani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2016.10.008","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of human bone morphogenetic protein (HBMP) in the treatment of resistant non-unions and failed arthrodesis","volume":"8","author":"Shamie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S160064","article-title":"Safety study: is there a pathologic IGF-1, PDGF and TGF-beta cytokine expression caused by adjunct BMP-7 in tibial and femoral non-union therapy?","volume":"14","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00961","article-title":"Prospective observational study of donor-site morbidity following anterior iliac crest bone-grafting in orthopaedic trauma reconstruction patients","volume":"94","author":"Loeffler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200100022-00007","article-title":"Bone-graft substitutes: facts, fictions, and applications","volume":"2","author":"Greenwald","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.10.032","article-title":"Bone graft substitutes: current concepts and future expectations","volume":"44","author":"Lobb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2534-4","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein and orthopaedic surgery: can we legitimate its off-label use?","volume":"38","author":"Courvoisier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0340","first-page":"11.p3901","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy and safety of osteoinductive factors and cellular therapies for long bone fractures and non-unions: a meta-analysis and systematic review","author":"Kaspiris","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2013.10.007","article-title":"Management and outcome of diaphyseal aseptic non-unions of the lower limb: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Pneumaticos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002294","article-title":"Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) with hydroxyapatite carrier in induced membrane technique: a retrospective propensity score-matched study","volume":"36","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05407-5","article-title":"Efficacy of adjuvant treatment for fracture non-union\/delayed union: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.101759","article-title":"The role of Platelet Rich Plasma and other orthobiologics in bone healing and fracture management: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Jamal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4153-y","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture repair","volume":"42","author":"Dumic-Cule","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2015.0357","article-title":"A review of the clinical side effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2","volume":"22","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2017.03.004","article-title":"Bone Morphogenetic Protein: is there still a role in orthopedic trauma in 2017?","volume":"48","author":"Barcak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00513","article-title":"Biomaterials for the delivery of growth factors and other therapeutic agents in tissue engineering approaches to bone regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Kowalczewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb8030019","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-2 in development and bone homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Halloran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01190","article-title":"Cancer risk from bone morphogenetic protein exposure in spinal arthrodesis","volume":"96","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000018","article-title":"Cancer after spinal fusion: the role of bone morphogenetic protein","volume":"73","author":"Lad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a3d3b4","article-title":"Risk of cancer after lumbar fusion surgery with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rh-BMP-2)","volume":"38","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2057","article-title":"Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Mines","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.142.1.295","article-title":"Differential roles for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type IB and IA in differentiation and specification of mesenchymal precursor cells to osteoblast and adipocyte lineages","volume":"142","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2006.01.010","article-title":"Fat tissue: an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology","volume":"24","author":"Fraser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22791","article-title":"Autologous implantation of BMP2-expressing dermal fibroblasts to improve bone mineral density and architecture in rabbit long bones","volume":"33","author":"Ishihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v8.i1.36","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification after the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7","volume":"8","author":"Papanagiotou","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-8-33","article-title":"Outcomes and complication rates of different bone grafting modalities in long bone fracture nonunions: a retrospective cohort study in 182 patients","volume":"8","author":"Flierl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0435","first-page":"207","article-title":"Allograft versus autograft in forearm aseptic non-union treatment","volume":"34","author":"Rollo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.08.020","article-title":"Grafting and fixation after aseptic non-union of the humeral shaft: a case series","volume":"11","author":"Rollo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056824001348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056824001348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T20:55:27Z","timestamp":1759352127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056824001348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056824001348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic scoping review of the latest data on orthobiologics in the surgical treatment of non-union","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103896","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103896"}}