{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:06:42Z","timestamp":1784653602298,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T23:24:54Z","timestamp":1736637894000},"page":"104162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomechanical assessment of ligament maturation after arthroscopic ligament reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Rougereau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Langlais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Elkaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Bachy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Vialle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079001100210","article-title":"Acute lateral ankle ligament injuries: a literature review","volume":"11","author":"Boruta","year":"1990","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01537","article-title":"The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States","volume":"92","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200113","article-title":"Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligaments","volume":"22","author":"Burks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504272688","article-title":"Anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle with a gracilis autograft: a new technique using an interference fit anchoring system","volume":"33","author":"Takao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8S","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.003","article-title":"Arthroscopic anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments: a technical simplification","volume":"102","author":"Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.09.009","article-title":"Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments with an all-arthroscopic surgical technique","volume":"100","author":"Guillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06130-1","article-title":"All-inside endoscopic anatomic reconstruction leads to satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with chronic ankle instability","volume":"29","author":"Guillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3779-1","article-title":"Endoscopic reconstruction of CFL and the ATFL with a gracilis graft: a cadaveric study","volume":"24","author":"Michels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4018-0","article-title":"How to drill the talar tunnel in ATFL reconstruction?","volume":"24","author":"Michels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"8S","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.09.005","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of chronic ankle instability: prospective study of outcomes in 286 patients","volume":"104","author":"Lopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"8S","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0055","article-title":"Five-year clinical follow-up of arthroscopically treated chronic ankle instability","volume":"109","author":"Th\u00e8s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511402662","article-title":"The \u201cligamentization\u201d process in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: what happens to the human graft? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Claes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07011-5","article-title":"Anatomic reconstruction using the autologous gracilis tendon achieved less sprain recurrence than the Brostr\u00f6m-Gould procedure but delayed recovery in chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"30","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2013.01.022","article-title":"Ultrasound elastography: principles and techniques","volume":"94","author":"Gennisson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.020","article-title":"Reliable protocol for shear wave elastography of lower limb muscles at rest and during passive stretching","volume":"41","author":"Dubois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0080","first-page":"227","article-title":"Normal range of patellar tendon elasticity using the sharewave elastography technique: an in vivo study in normal volunteers","volume":"31","author":"Hardy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5309-2","article-title":"Shear wave elastography can evaluate annulus fibrosus alteration in adolescent scoliosis","volume":"28","author":"Langlais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0090","article-title":"Ankle syndesmosis biomechanical evaluation by shear-waves elastography in healthy young adults: assessment of the reliability and accuracy of the measurements and definition of a corridor of normality","volume":"S1268-7731","author":"Rougereau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-022-02884-0","article-title":"Anatomical and biomechanical study of the inferior extensor retinaculum by shear-wave elastography in healthy adults","volume":"44","author":"Rougereau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2023.103647","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of the anterior talo-fibular and calcaneo-fibular ligaments using shear wave elastography in young healthy adults","volume":"110","author":"Rougereau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934221114301","article-title":"Biomechanical assessment of the central band of the interosseous membrane using shear wave elastography: reliability and reproducibility","volume":"47","author":"Rougereau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044348","article-title":"Elastic modulus of muscle and tendon with shear wave ultrasound elastography: variations with different technical settings","volume":"7","author":"Kot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103303","article-title":"Arthroscopic lateral ankle ligament reinsertion with reinforcement by a minimally invasive extensor retinaculum flap for chronic ankle instability","volume":"108","author":"Barbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519848421","article-title":"Augmented ligament reconstruction partially restores hindfoot and midfoot kinematics after lateral ligament ruptures","volume":"47","author":"Boey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500407","article-title":"Comprehensive reconstruction of the lateral ankle for chronic instability using a free gracilis graft","volume":"25","author":"Coughlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500109","article-title":"Comparison of two anatomic reconstructions for chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint","volume":"25","author":"Karlsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520902725","article-title":"Effect of initial graft tension during anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction on ankle kinematics, laxity, and in situ forces of the reconstructed graft","volume":"48","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515593942","article-title":"Anatomic reconstruction with a semitendinosus allograft for chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"43","author":"Dierckman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3072-8","article-title":"Lateral ankle ligament reconstruction using the anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300030701","article-title":"Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments with bone\u2013patellar tendon graft in patients with chronic ankle instability: a preliminary report","volume":"30","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0160","first-page":"00241","article-title":"Return to sports: rate and time after arthroscopic surgery for chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"S1877-0568","author":"Bouveau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102882","article-title":"No tunnel widening following arthroscopic anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments","volume":"107","author":"Duguay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22743","article-title":"Mechanoreceptors of the ligaments and tendons around the knee","volume":"29","author":"Cabuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0175","first-page":"70","article-title":"Arthroscopic all-inside ATiFL\u2019s distal fascicle transfer for ATFL\u2019s superior fascicle reconstruction or biological augmentation of lateral ligament repair","volume":"28","author":"Vega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20218","article-title":"Tendons and ligaments are anatomically distinct but overlap in molecular and morphological features\u2013 a comparative study in an ovine model","volume":"25","author":"Rumian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01845593","article-title":"Biochemical properties of collagen from ligaments and periarticular tendons of the human knee","volume":"2","author":"Fujii","year":"1994","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040204","article-title":"The phenomenon of \u201cligamentization\u201d: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous patellar tendon","volume":"4","author":"Amiel","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70041-6","article-title":"Revascularization and ligamentization of autogenous anterior cruciate ligament grafts in humans","volume":"14","author":"Falconiero","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100219","article-title":"Arthroscopic and histologic analysis of human patellar tendon autografts used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"21","author":"Rougraff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.08.019","article-title":"Ligamentization of tendon grafts treated with an endogenous preparation rich in growth factors: gross morphology and histology","volume":"26","author":"Sanchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80313-5","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic study of remodeling and maturation process in autogenous graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Abe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2023.01.013","article-title":"Adaptation of the signal noise quotient MRI classification for graft ligamentization analysis following ATFL and CFL anatomical reconstruction: validation of the SNQA","volume":"29","author":"de Rousiers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231225487","article-title":"MRI assessment of tendon graft after lateral ankle ligament reconstruction: does ligamentization exist?","volume":"52","author":"Cordier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP26","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241255939","article-title":"MRI assessment of tendon graft: letter to the editor","volume":"52","author":"Hardy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0230","article-title":"MRI evaluation of ATFL and CFL ligamentization after anatomical surgical reconstruction with a hamstring graft","volume":"S1268-7731","author":"Bilichtin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0235","first-page":"124","article-title":"Biomechanical study of autograft anatomic reconstruction in lateral ankle instability","volume":"65","author":"Mellado-Romero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509963","article-title":"Anterior talofibular ligament ruptures, part 2: biomechanical comparison of anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus allografts with the intact ligament","volume":"42","author":"Clanton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187705682500009X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187705682500009X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T05:13:36Z","timestamp":1748927616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187705682500009X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S187705682500009X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomechanical assessment of ligament maturation after arthroscopic ligament reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104162","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104162"}}