{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:44:11Z","timestamp":1781343851110,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T03:09:39Z","timestamp":1759547379000},"page":"104448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["The throwing shoulder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Grimberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Dahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218","article-title":"Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Fleisig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otsm.2016.04.004","article-title":"Current concepts in the assessment and rehabilitation of the thrower's shoulder","volume":"24","author":"Wilk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oper Tech Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019888552","article-title":"National trends in the diagnosis and repair of SLAP lesions in the United States","volume":"28","author":"Dougherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.02.001","article-title":"Disabled throwing shoulder 2021 update: part 1 \u2013 anatomy and mechanics","volume":"38","author":"Ben Kibler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50128","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.10.049","article-title":"Humeral retroversion and capsule thickening in the overhead throwing athlete: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Kay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09603-5","article-title":"Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit: prime suspect or innocent bystander?","volume":"13","author":"Zajac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(03)00389-X","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part III: the SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097559","article-title":"Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43 % in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Hickey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.10.009","article-title":"Current concepts: the hip, core and kinetic chain in the overhead athlete","volume":"33","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000409","article-title":"Care of water polo players","volume":"16","author":"Stromberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50139","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part II: evaluation and treatment of SLAP lesions in throwers","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0065","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Conflit post\u00e9ro-sup\u00e9rieur de l'\u00e9paule chez le patient sportif en arme. \u00c9tude r\u00e9trospective multicentrique chez 135 patients op\u00e9r\u00e9s sous arthroscopie","volume":"105","author":"Peduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509355642","article-title":"The development and validation of a functional assessment tool for the upper extremity in the overhead athlete","volume":"38","author":"Alberta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117700019","article-title":"The functional arm scale for throwers (FAST) \u2013 part II: reliability and validity of an upper extremity region-specific and population-specific patient-reported outcome scale for throwing athletes","volume":"5","author":"Huxel Bliven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211017563","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of little league shoulder: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Bednar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310051501","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the asymptomatic shoulder of over-head athletes: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4826-z","article-title":"The Snyder classification of superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions","volume":"474","author":"Ahsan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.02.002","article-title":"Disabled throwing shoulder: 2021 update: part 2 \u2013 pathomechanics and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Kibler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2019.12.007","article-title":"Thrower's shoulder: an approach to MR imaging interpretation","volume":"28","author":"Altahawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2022.07.004","article-title":"Lower reoperation and higher return-to-sport rates after biceps tenodesis versus SLAP repair in young patients: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Sandler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.10.025","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and return to play in softball players following SLAP repair or biceps tenodesis","volume":"32","author":"Rothermich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.053","article-title":"Surgical management of SLAP lesions: which technique has better surgical outcomes?","volume":"50","author":"Abourisha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0120","first-page":"571","article-title":"Le conflit gl\u00e9no\u00efdien post\u00e9ro-sup\u00e9rieur \u2013 un autre conflit de l\u2019\u00e9paule","volume":"77","author":"Walch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221140853","article-title":"Return to play after shoulder surgery in professional baseball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Giberson-Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2239-9","article-title":"Throwing-related injuries of the subscapularis in professional baseball players","volume":"45","author":"Polster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119826548","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging grading system for tears of the latissimus dorsi and teres major","volume":"7","author":"Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2007.11.014","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries in baseball players","volume":"26","author":"Cummins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.12.012","article-title":"Quadrilateral space syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.11.027","article-title":"Anterior shoulder capsular tears in professional baseball players","volume":"23","author":"Gulotta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.06.011","article-title":"Thrower's fracture of the humerus","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187705682500297X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187705682500297X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:09:02Z","timestamp":1770840542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187705682500297X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S187705682500297X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The throwing shoulder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104448","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcot.2025.06.016","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104448"}}