{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:39:52Z","timestamp":1784673592482,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:48:14Z","timestamp":1764262094000},"page":"104556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Socio-professional impact of the hip spica cast for femoral shaft fracture management in children under six"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9495-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"de Charnace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iseut Line","family":"Bunetel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaux","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Senah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Belouadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mehrez","family":"Kilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Tuton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bourelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000230335.19029.ab","article-title":"Epidemiology and mechanisms of femur fractures in children","volume":"26","author":"Loder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000184146.82824.35","article-title":"Spica cast application in the emergency room for select pediatric femur fractures","volume":"19","author":"Cassinelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0015","first-page":"180","article-title":"The treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children: a systematic overview and critical appraisal of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Wright","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.12.018","article-title":"Femoral shaft fractures in children","volume":"36","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000192294.47047.99","article-title":"Treatment options in pediatric femoral shaft fractures","volume":"19","author":"Anglen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32835c20e0","article-title":"Femoral fractures in children","volume":"25","author":"Brousil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.102B8.BJJ-2019-1060.R3","article-title":"Treatment of femoral fractures in children aged two to six","volume":"102-B","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00966","article-title":"Spica casting for pediatric femoral fractures: a prospective, randomized controlled study of single-leg versus double-leg spica casts","volume":"94","author":"Leu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1241177","article-title":"Immediate hip spica for unstable femoral shaft fractures in preschool children: still an efficient and effective option","volume":"20","author":"Frech-D\u00f6rfler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200409000-00009","article-title":"Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures","volume":"12","author":"Flynn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200007000-00015","article-title":"Immediate hip spica casting for femur fractures in pediatric patients. A review of 175 patients","author":"Infante","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000217724.08794.e4","article-title":"Immediate single-leg spica cast for pediatric femoral diaphysis fractures","volume":"26","author":"Epps","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0065","first-page":"4","article-title":"Impact on family functioning of immediate spica casting for pediatric femur fractures: an ecological study: original research","author":"Kocher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199507000-00009","article-title":"Pediatric femur fractures: effects of spica cast treatment on family and community","volume":"15","author":"Hughes","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199901000-00013","article-title":"Femoral-shaft fractures in children: a comparison of immediate casting and traction","volume":"19","author":"Yandow","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-010-0279-1","article-title":"Immediate hip spica is as effective as, but more efficient than, flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in pre-school children","volume":"4","author":"Jauquier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0085","article-title":"Spica casting results in more unplanned reoperations than elastic intramedullary nailing: a national analysis of femur fractures in the preschool population","volume":"4","author":"Brnjo\u0161","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.04.003","article-title":"Validity of the revised Impact on Family (IOF) scale","volume":"149","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-67","article-title":"Cross-cultural French adaptation and validation of the Impact On Family Scale (IOFS)","volume":"11","author":"Boudas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0100","first-page":"63","article-title":"Instruments for research with families. The Family Environment Scale (FES) and Feetham\u2019s Family Functioning survey (FFFS)","volume":"2","author":"Brady","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Fam Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-009-0174-9","article-title":"Early reduction versus skin traction in the orthopaedic treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children under 6 years old","volume":"3","author":"d\u2019Ollonne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3180326713","article-title":"Femur fracture in preschool children: experience with flexible intramedullary nailing in 72 children","volume":"27","author":"Bopst","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200607000-00012","article-title":"Close reduction and intramedullary flexible titanium nails fixation of femoral shaft fractures in children under 5 years of age","volume":"15","author":"Simanovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.200012","article-title":"Tendency towards operative treatment is increasing in children\u2019s fractures: results obtained from patient databases, causes, impact of evidence-based medicine","volume":"5","author":"\u00d6mero\u011flu","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000001003","article-title":"Flexible intramedullary nails or Spica casting? A meta-analysis on the treatment of femur fractures in preschool children aged 2-5 years","volume":"32","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001253","article-title":"Financial analysis of closed femur fractures in 3- to 6-year-olds treated with immediate spica casting versus intramedullary fixation","volume":"39","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.11.011","article-title":"Early complications with flexible intramedullary nailing in childhood fracture: 100 cases managed with precurved tip and shaft nails","volume":"98","author":"Lascombes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.06.012","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nails versus external fixation: a meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000268","article-title":"Treatment of femur fractures in young children: a multicenter comparison of flexible intramedullary nails to spica casting in young children aged 2 to 6 years","volume":"35","author":"Heffernan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056825004050?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056825004050?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T21:15:04Z","timestamp":1770671704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056825004050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056825004050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Socio-professional impact of the hip spica cast for femoral shaft fracture management in children under six","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104556","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104556"}}