{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1792389866282,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T16:20:26Z","timestamp":1766247626000},"page":"104574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of the efficacy of bone substitutes versus autografts in aseptic non-union of the tibia. Retrospective study of 60 patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Rares","family":"Bredicianu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Judet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romulus Fabian","family":"Tatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7492-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Gaudot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80003-9","article-title":"Prevalence of long-bone non-unions","volume":"38 Suppl 2","author":"Tzioupis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102990","article-title":"Contemporary management of aseptic diaphyseal tibia non-unions - a systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Fortuin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.019","article-title":"Does weight-bearing assignment after intramedullary nail placement alter healing of tibial shaft fractures?","volume":"103","author":"Greenhill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102877","article-title":"Risk factors for complications after primary intramedullary nailing to treat tibial shaft fractures: a cohort study of 184 consecutive patients","volume":"107","author":"Bauwens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01904-2","article-title":"Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.04.013","article-title":"Management of septic non-union of the tibia by the induced membrane technique. What factors could improve results?","volume":"104","author":"Siboni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.10.014","article-title":"Treatment of infected non-unions of the femur and tibia in a French referral center for complex bone and joint infections: outcomes of 55 patients after 2 to 11 years","volume":"104","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.08.022","article-title":"Comparing the outcomes of the induced membrane technique between the tibia and femur: retrospective single-center study of 33 patients","volume":"106","author":"Baud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002276","article-title":"The relative incidence of fracture non-union in the Scottish population (5.17 million): a 5-year epidemiological study","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103875","article-title":"Induced-membrane technique for lower limb reconstruction after malignant bone tumour resection in paediatric patients: complication and re-operation rates","volume":"110","author":"Marty-Diloy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200305000-00006","article-title":"Predictors of reoperation following operative management of fractures of the tibial shaft","volume":"17","author":"Bhandari","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17159\/2309-8309\/2016\/v15n1a5","article-title":"The pathogenesis of tibial nonunion","volume":"15","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"SA Orthop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.103055","article-title":"The influence of advanced age in bone healing after intramedullary limb lengthening","volume":"107","author":"Zak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20712","article-title":"Early dynamization by reduced fixation stiffness does not improve fracture healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model","volume":"27","author":"Claes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00153-5","article-title":"Magnitudes of local stress and strain along bony surfaces predict the course and type of fracture healing","volume":"32","author":"Claes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198611000-00016","article-title":"The treatment of noninfected pseudarthrosis of the femur and tibia with locked intramedullary nailing","volume":"212","author":"Kempf","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.03.036","article-title":"Can we achieve bone healing using the diamond concept without bone grafting for recalcitrant tibial nonunions?","volume":"46","author":"Ollivier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stomax.2011.06.003","article-title":"Biomaterials as bone substitute: classification and contribution","volume":"112","author":"Chai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0095","first-page":"1179","article-title":"What bone substitutes for what bone loss","volume":"202","author":"Mainard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0100","first-page":"43","article-title":"La d\u00e9cortication ost\u00e9o-musculaire","volume":"53","author":"Judet","year":"1967","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0105","first-page":"182","article-title":"Treatment of tibial pseudarthrosis using Robert Judet\u2019s method of osteoperiosteal decortication","volume":"58 Suppl 1","author":"Judet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0110","first-page":"222","article-title":"Tibia nonunion after intramedullar nailing for fracture: decortication and osteosynthesis by medial plating","volume":"91","author":"Piriou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00017","article-title":"Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss","volume":"241","author":"Paley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0120","series-title":"The treatment of fractures","author":"Bohler","year":"1935"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.07.005","article-title":"Treatment of nonunion in neglected long bone shaft fractures by osteoperiosteal decortication","volume":"100","author":"Tall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3892","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3640-8","article-title":"Ilizarov fixator combined with an intramedullary nail for tibial nonunions with bone loss: Is It effective?","volume":"472","author":"Gulabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.104118","article-title":"Centromedullary nailing during the second stage of induced membrane (Masquelet) for tibia septic nonunion enables bone union to be achieved without increasing the risk of recurrence of infection, with an earlier return to weight-bearing","volume":"111","author":"Le Baron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B10.35504","article-title":"Hexapod external fixator closed distraction in the management of stiff hypertrophic tibial nonunions","volume":"97","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.11.019","article-title":"Management of nonunion of lower extremity long bones using mono-lateral external fixator - report of 37 cases","volume":"45","author":"Harshwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200609001-00015","article-title":"Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for nonunions. Surgical technique","volume":"88","author":"Hernigou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(10)70014-0","article-title":"Reamer-irrigator-aspirator bone graft and bi Masquelet technique for segmental bone defect nonunions: a review of 25 cases","volume":"41","author":"Stafford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0160","first-page":"482","article-title":"Use of locking compression plates for long bone nonunions without removing existing intramedullary nail: review of literature and our experience","volume":"65","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.10.006","article-title":"Evaluating augmentation with calcium phosphate cement (chronOS Inject) for bone defects after internal fixation of proximal tibial fractures: a prospective, multicenter, observational study","volume":"103","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.12.011","article-title":"Can the Reamer\/Irrigator\/Aspirator system replace anterior iliac crest grafting when treating long bone nonunion?","volume":"105","author":"Le Baron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0175","article-title":"Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0180","first-page":"920","article-title":"Tibial defect reconstruction using hydroxyapatite scaffold seeded with expanded stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Tatu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0185","first-page":"44","article-title":"Cellular culture of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on porous calcium-phosphate bone substitutes","volume":"89","author":"Chouteau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0190","first-page":"598","article-title":"Bone ingrowth into 2 porous ceramics with different pore sizes:an experimental study","volume":"70","author":"Galois","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belgica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(97)00036-7","article-title":"Osteoclastic resorption of calcium phosphate ceramics with different hydroxyapatite\/tricalcium phosphate ratios","volume":"18","author":"Yamada","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-001-0329-x","article-title":"B\u00e9ta tricalcium phosphate ceramic as a bone substitute in orthopaedic surgery","volume":"26","author":"Galois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.08.008","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) -2 and -7 in the adjunct treatment of lower limb nonunions","volume":"104","author":"Haubruck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056825004232?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056825004232?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:58:48Z","timestamp":1787727528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056825004232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056825004232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of the efficacy of bone substitutes versus autografts in aseptic non-union of the tibia. Retrospective study of 60 patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2025.104574","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104574"}}