{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:40:35Z","timestamp":1787161235742,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2507700 \/ 2023YFC2507704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2507700 \/ 2023YFC2507704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:42:08Z","timestamp":1773909728000},"page":"104660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DeepSeek-R1 performance in fusion planning of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benlong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zezhang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9623","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis","volume":"83","author":"Lenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21700","article-title":"Testing and evaluation of health care applications of large language models: a systematic review","volume":"333","author":"Bedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.02.025","article-title":"Large language models deconstruct the clinical intuition behind diagnosing autism","volume":"188","author":"Stanley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03726-3","article-title":"Comparative benchmarking of the DeepSeek large language model on medical tasks and clinical reasoning","volume":"31","author":"Tordjman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03727-2","article-title":"Benchmark evaluation of DeepSeek large language models in clinical decision-making","volume":"31","author":"Sandmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002386","article-title":"DeepSeek-R1 and GPT-4 are comparable in a complex diagnostic challenge: a historical control study","volume":"111","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.106053","article-title":"LLM-powered breast cancer staging from PET\/CT reports: a comparative performance study","volume":"204","author":"Spitzl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.106013","article-title":"Clinical feasibility of AI doctors: evaluating the replacement potential of large language models in outpatient settings for central nervous system tumors","volume":"203","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.41.7.12183","article-title":"Exploring the role of DeepSeek-R1, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini in medical education: how valid and reliable are they?","volume":"41","author":"Meo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06819-w","article-title":"Performance evaluation of large language models in pediatric nephrology clinical decision support: a comprehensive assessment","volume":"40","author":"Niel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8616","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002951","article-title":"Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence tools for the dissemination of colorectal cancer screening guidelines: a novel perspective on early screening education","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-025-02213-z","article-title":"Performance of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o on the Chinese National Medical Licensing Examination: a comparative study","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07493-0","article-title":"A structured evaluation of LLM-generated step-by-step instructions in cadaveric brachial plexus dissection","volume":"25","author":"Temizsoy Korkmaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.007","article-title":"ChatGPT-4.0 and DeepSeek-R1 does not yet provide clinically supported answers for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.05.007","article-title":"Radiological and clinical outcome of selective thoracic fusion for patients with Lenke 1C and 2C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with a minimum follow-up of 2 years","volume":"18","author":"Kwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0123-1","article-title":"Onset and remodeling of coronal imbalance after selective posterior thoracic fusion for Lenke 1C and 2C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (a pilot study)","volume":"12","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedics &amp; Traumatology: Surgery &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056826000812?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877056826000812?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T20:18:33Z","timestamp":1779999513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877056826000812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877056826000812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"DeepSeek-R1 performance in fusion planning of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A preliminary study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2026.104660","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104660"}}