{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:55:56Z","timestamp":1791932156022,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR060350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR060350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR060350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR060350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoacoustics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T23:28:53Z","timestamp":1782343733000},"page":"100849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An intelligent point-of-care photoacoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging system for Rheumatoid arthritis in fingers: Technical development and initial clinical test"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1276-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungmo","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigorios","family":"Karageorgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Dentinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanpeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddarth","family":"Ragupathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Ghose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janggun","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Abdulaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chamberland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Draelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Gandikota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200367","article-title":"The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"48","author":"Almutairi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b2","first-page":"119","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the prevalence and impact of doctor-diagnosed arthritis-United States, 2002","volume":"54","author":"Bolen","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.485","article-title":"Radiological assessment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2004.08.006","article-title":"Imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis: roles of magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, conventional radiography and computed tomography","volume":"19","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1039\/b926506f","article-title":"Optical imaging: new tools for arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Chamberland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0377","article-title":"Technology insight: the role of color and power Doppler ultrasonography in rheumatology","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676908989539","article-title":"The synovial microvascular derangement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"40","author":"Goldie","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15147-5","article-title":"A functional study of human inflammatory arthritis using photoacoustic imaging","volume":"7","author":"Jo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2018.07.004","article-title":"Photoacoustic tomography for human musculoskeletal imaging and inflammatory arthritis detection","volume":"12","author":"Jo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100458","article-title":"Photoacoustic\/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging for monitoring angiogenesis and synovial erosion in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212257","article-title":"Synovial oxygenation at photoacoustic imaging to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity","volume":"306","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2023.3290824","article-title":"An automatic 3-d ultrasound and photoacoustic combined imaging system for human inflammatory arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.576417","article-title":"Photoacoustic imaging combined with robotics: a review of current works","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/46\/5\/201","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging","volume":"46","author":"Fenster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100514","article-title":"Longitudinal volumetric assessment of inflammatory arthritis via photoacoustic imaging and Doppler ultrasound imaging","volume":"31","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b16","series-title":"Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2024","article-title":"Automatic photoacoustic and ultrasound Doppler imaging of human hand rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal study","author":"Peng","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/01617346241277178","article-title":"Automated deep learning-based finger joint segmentation in 3-D ultrasound images with limited dataset","volume":"47","author":"Karageorgos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrason. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-12","article-title":"Sex differences in rheumatoid arthritis: more than meets the eye...","volume":"7","author":"van Vollenhoven","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1151-6","article-title":"Patient global assessment in measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Nikiphorou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110919","article-title":"Construct validity of the modified numeric rating scale of patient global assessment in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Leung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091474","article-title":"Evaluation of 21-numbered circle and 10-centimeter horizontal line visual analog scales for physician and parent subjective ratings in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Filocamo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4746","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.577240","article-title":"Volumetric ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of inflammatory arthritis in human finger joints via robotic arm powered arc scans","volume":"16","author":"Koo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhe Cao, Tomas Simon, Shih-En Wei, Yaser Sheikh, Realtime multi-person 2d pose estimation using part affinity fields, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2017, pp. 7291\u20137299.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.143"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomas Simon, Hanbyul Joo, Iain Matthews, Yaser Sheikh, Hand keypoint detection in single images using multiview bootstrapping, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2017, pp. 1145\u20131153.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.494"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2021.100194","article-title":"Evaluation of osteoarthritic features in peripheral joints by ultrasound imaging: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Molyneux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b26","first-page":"72","article-title":"Doppler US in rheumatic diseases with special emphasis on rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Toprak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0028","article-title":"Biomedical photoacoustic imaging","volume":"1","author":"Beard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae047","article-title":"Correlation between the oxygenation status of extrasynovial tissue in the wrist and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a photoacoustic imaging study","volume":"64","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1447","article-title":"Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Hitchon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2699184","article-title":"Deeplab: Semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets, atrous convolution, and fully connected crfs","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2913184","article-title":"Deep attentive features for prostate segmentation in 3D transrectal ultrasound","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106236","article-title":"TorchIO: a Python library for efficient loading, preprocessing, augmentation and patch-based sampling of medical images in deep learning","volume":"208","author":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b34","unstructured":"Saining Xie, Ross Girshick, Piotr Doll\u00e1r, Zhuowen Tu, Kaiming He, Aggregated residual transformations for deep neural networks, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2017, pp. 1492\u20131500."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2956516","article-title":"Cascade R-CNN: High quality object detection and instance segmentation","volume":"43","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.01.114","article-title":"Deep learning algorithm for auto-delineation of high-risk oropharyngeal clinical target volumes with built-in dice similarity coefficient parameter optimization function","volume":"101","author":"Cardenas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104966","article-title":"Comparing deep learning-based automatic segmentation of breast masses to expert interobserver variability in ultrasound imaging","volume":"139","author":"Webb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-022-00515-6","article-title":"Intra-and inter-operator variability in MRI-based manual segmentation of HCC lesions and its impact on dosimetry","volume":"9","author":"Covert","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b39","first-page":"69","article-title":"A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med. J.: J. Med. Assoc. Malawi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","article-title":"User\u2019s guide to correlation coefficients","volume":"18","author":"Akoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849_b42","first-page":"614","article-title":"Biostatistics 104: correlational analysis","volume":"44","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Singapore Med. J."}],"container-title":["Photoacoustics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213597926000558?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213597926000558?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:20:49Z","timestamp":1784546449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213597926000558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2213597926000558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-5979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-5979","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An intelligent point-of-care photoacoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging system for Rheumatoid arthritis in fingers: Technical development and initial clinical test","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Photoacoustics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pacs.2026.100849","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100849"}}