{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:29:17Z","timestamp":1793305757554,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]],"date-time":"2004-12-15T15:22:48Z","timestamp":1103124168000},"page":"61-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":469,"title":["Ketamine and postoperative pain \u2013 a quantitative systematic review of randomised trials"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Elia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Tram\u00e8r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R54-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(03)00311-7","article-title":"Ketamine as adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain. A qualitative systematic review.","volume":"26","author":"Bell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain Sympt Manag"},{"key":"R55-11-20210227","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine for postoperative analgesia.","volume":"49","author":"Clausen","year":"1975","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"R56-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00093-7","article-title":"Reporting of adverse effects in clinical trials should be improved: lessons from acute postoperative pain.","volume":"18","author":"Edwards","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pain Sympt Manag"},{"key":"R57-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3501(95)80021-2","article-title":"The NMDA-antagonist ketamine for prevention and treatment of acute and chronic post-operative pain.","volume":"9","author":"Eide","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R58-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199705000-00024","article-title":"Preemptive ketamine decreases postoperative narcotic requirements in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.","volume":"84","author":"Fu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R59-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00001503-200006000-00011","article-title":"Ketamine: new uses for an old drug.","volume":"13","author":"Granry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R60-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000086618.28845.9B","article-title":"Ketamine in chronic pain management: an evidence-based review.","volume":"97","author":"Hocking","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R61-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03033-3","article-title":"Developing a database of published reports of randomised clinical trials in pain research.","volume":"6","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R62-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199301000-00008","article-title":"Ketamine infusion for postoperative analgesia in asthmatics: A comparison with intermittent meperidine.","volume":"76","author":"Jahangir","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"R63-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00019-2","article-title":"No pain, no gain: clinical excellence and scientific rigour. Lessons learned from IA morphine.","volume":"98","author":"Kalso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R64-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)90379-K","article-title":"Evidence of a role for NMDA receptors in pain perception.","volume":"187","author":"Klepstad","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R65-11-20210227","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Ketamine: teaching an old drug new tricks.","volume":"87","author":"Kohrs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R66-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90109-7","article-title":"Comparison of ketamine and pethidine in experimental and postoperative pain.","volume":"36","author":"Maurset","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R67-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00020","article-title":"Number needed to treat and relative risk reduction.","volume":"128","author":"McQuay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R68-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04149-5","article-title":"Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of reporting of meta-analyses.","volume":"354","author":"Moher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R69-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200203000-00032","article-title":"A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief: the role of timing of analgesia.","volume":"96","author":"Moiniche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"R70-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1987.tb05167.x","article-title":"Analgesia from morphine and ketamine. A comparison of infusions of morphine and ketamine for postoperative analgesia.","volume":"42","author":"Owen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R71-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7428.1379","article-title":"Prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy after cardiac surgery: systematic review.","volume":"327","author":"Pasquina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R72-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00044-5","article-title":"Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: a review of current techniques and outcomes.","volume":"82","author":"Schmid","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R73-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199402000-00002","article-title":"L.J.r, Kissin I. Preemptive effect of fentanyl and ketamine on postoperative pain and wound hyperalgesia.","volume":"78","author":"Tverskoy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R74-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.045007795.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled opioid analgesia for acute postoperative pain. A quantitative systematic review.","volume":"45","author":"Walder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R75-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000048088.17761.B4","article-title":"A single small dose of postoperative ketamine provides rapid and sustained improvement in morphine analgesia in the presence of morphine-resistant pain.","volume":"96","author":"Weinbroum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R76-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198202000-00007","article-title":"Ketamine-Its pharmacology and therapeutic uses.","volume":"56","author":"White","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R77-11-20210227","first-page":"95","article-title":"Sensory changes and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a comparison of anesthetic supplementation with fentanyl versus magnesium or ketamine.","volume":"86","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU1-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03013246","article-title":"Abdulatif, 1998Abdel-Ghaffar ME, Abdulatif M, Al Ghamdi A, Mowafi H, Anwar A. Epidural ketamine reduces post-operative epidural PCA consumption of fentanylbupivacaine.","volume":"45","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"RU2-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.3.393","article-title":", 1999Adriaenssens G, Vermeyen KM, Hoffmann VL, Mertens E, Adriaensen HF. Postoperative analgesia with i.v. patient-controlled morphine: effect of adding ketamine.","volume":"83","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"RU3-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200012000-00034","article-title":", 2000Azevedo VM, Lauretti GR, Pereira NL, Reis MP. Transdermal ketamine as an adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after abdominal gynecological surgery using lidocaine epidural blockade.","volume":"91","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU4-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200004000-00016","article-title":", 2000Badrinath S, Avramov MN, Shadrick M, Witt TR, Ivankovich AD. The use of a ketamine-propofol combination during monitored anesthesia care.","volume":"90","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU5-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0102900304","article-title":", 2001Burstal R, Danjoux G, Hayes C, Lantry G. PCA ketamine and morphine after abdominal hysterectomy.","volume":"29","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"RU6-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199806000-00021","article-title":", 1998Chia YY, Liu K, Liu YC, Chang HC, Wong CS. Adding ketamine in a multinodal patient controlled epidural regimen reduces postoperative pain and analgesic consumption.","volume":"86","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU7-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200006000-00031","article-title":", 2000Dahl V, Ernoe PE, Steen T, Raeder JC, White PF. Does ketamine have preemptive effects in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy procedures?","volume":"90","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU8-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00278-0","article-title":"Kock, 2001De Kock M, Lavand Homme P, Waterloos H. Balanced analgesia in the perioperative period: Is there a place for ketamine?","volume":"92","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"RU9-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06849.x","article-title":", 1993Edwards ND, Fletcher A, Cole JR, Peacock JE. Combined infusions of morphine and ketamine for postoperative pain in elderly patients.","volume":"48","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"RU10-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199908000-00013","article-title":", 1999Frey K, Sukhani R, Pawlowski J, Pappas AL, Mikat-Stevens M, Slogoff S. Propofol versus propofol-ketamine sedation for retrobulbar nerve block: comparison of sedation quality, intraocular pressure changes, and recovery profiles.","volume":"89","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU11-11-20210227","first-page":"247","article-title":"Perez, 2002Gilabert Morell A, Sanchez Perez C. Effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine in postoperative analgesia for hysterectomy and adnexectomy.","volume":"49","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"RU12-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/rapm.2001.27857","article-title":", 2001Gorgias NK, Maidatsi PG, Kyriakidis AM, Karakoulas KA, Alvanos DN, Giala MM. Clonidine versus ketamine to prevent tourniquet pain during intravenous regional anesthesia with lidocaine.","volume":"26","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"RU13-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200207000-00018","article-title":", 2002Guignard B, Coste C, Costes H, Sessler DI, Lebrault C, Morris W, Simonnet G, Chauvin M. Supplementing desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia with small-dose ketamine reduces perioperative opioid analgesic requirements.","volume":"95","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU14-11-20210227","first-page":"60","article-title":"Grimm, 1999Heinke W, Grimm D. Preemptive effects caused by co-analgesia with ketamine in gynecological laparotomies ?","volume":"24","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"RU15-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1366-0071(99)80041-2","article-title":", 1999Hercock T, Gillham MJ, Sleigh J, Jones SF. The addition of ketamine to patient controlled morphine analgesia does not improve quality of analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy.","volume":"2","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acute Pain"},{"key":"RU16-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00040","article-title":"Himmelseher, 2001Himmelseher S, Ziegler Pithamitsis D, Kochs E, Jelen Esselborn S, Martin J, Argiriadou H. Small-dose S()-ketamine reduces postoperative pain when applied with ropivacaine in epidural anesthesia for total knee arthroplasty.","volume":"92","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU17-11-20210227","first-page":"131","article-title":", 2000Huang GS, Yeh CC, Kong SS, Lin TC, Ho ST, Wong CS. Intra-articular ketamine for pain control following arthroscopic knee surgery.","volume":"38","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Sin"},{"key":"RU18-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/81.5.707","article-title":", 1998Ilkjaer S, Nikolajsen L, Hansen TM, Wernberg M, Brennum J, Dahl JB. Effect of i.v. ketamine in combination with epidural bupivacaine or epidural morphine on postoperative pain and wound tenderness after renal surgery.","volume":"81","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"RU19-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200204000-00038","article-title":", 2002Jaksch W, Lang S, Reichhalter R, Raab G, Dann K, Fitzal S. Perioperative small-dose S()-ketamine has no incremental beneficial effects on postoperative pain when standard-practice opioid infusions are used.","volume":"94","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU20-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011736","article-title":", 1996Javery KB, Usserry TW, Steger HG, Colclough GW. Comparison of morphine and morphine with ketamine for postoperative analgesia.","volume":"43","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"RU21-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1986.tb02505.x","article-title":", 1986Joachimsson PO, Hedstrand U, Eklund A. Low-dose ketamine infusion for analgesia during postoperative ventilator treatment.","volume":"30","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"RU22-11-20210227","first-page":"1092","article-title":", 2000Kakinohana M, Hasegawa A, Taira Y, Okuda Y. Pre-emptive analgesia with intravenous ketamine reduces postoperative pain in young patients after appendicectomy: a randomized control study.","volume":"49","year":"2000","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"RU23-11-20210227","first-page":"1092","article-title":", 2003Kararmaz A, Kaya S, Karaman H, Turhanoglu S, Ozyilmaz MA. Intraoperative intravenous ketamine in combination with epidural analgesia: postoperative analgesia after renal surgery.","volume":"97","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU24-11-20210227","first-page":"735","article-title":", 1987Kawana Y, Sato H, Shimada H, Fujita N, Ueda Y, Hayashi A, Araki Y. Epidural ketamine for postoperative pain relief after gynecologic operations: a double-blind study and comparison with epidural morphine.","volume":"66","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU25-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(00)00216-6","article-title":", 2000Kirdemir P, Oezkocak I, Demir T, Goegues(cedilla) N. Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of preemptively used epidural ketamine and neostigmine.","volume":"12","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"RU26-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(01)00333-6","article-title":", 2001Lauretti GR, Oliveira AP, Rodrigues AM, Paccola CA. The effect of transdermal nitroglycerin on spinal S()-ketamine antinociception following orthopedic surgery.","volume":"13","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"RU27-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01330-2.x","article-title":"Sanders, 2000Lee HM, Sanders GM. Caudal ropivacaine and ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children.","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"RU28-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460711.x","article-title":", 2002Lee IO, Kim WK, Kong MH, Lee MK, Kim NS, Choi YS, Lim SH. No enhancement of sensory and motor blockade by ketamine added to ropivacaine interscalene brachial plexus blockade.","volume":"46","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"RU29-11-20210227","first-page":"248","article-title":"Klaschik, 2001Lehman KA, Klaschik M. Lack of pre-emptive analgesic effect of low-dose ketamine in postoperative patients. A prospective, randomised double-blind study.","volume":"15","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"RU30-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00029","article-title":", 2000Menigaux C, Fletcher D, Dupont X, Guignard B, Guirimand F, Chauvin M. The benefits of intraoperative small-dose ketamine on postoperative pain after anterior cruciate ligament repair.","volume":"90","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU31-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200109000-00016","article-title":", 2001Menigaux C, Guignard B, Fletcher D, Sessler DI, Dupont X, Chauvin M. Intraoperative small-dose ketamine enhances analgesia after outpatient knee arthroscopy.","volume":"93","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU32-11-20210227","first-page":"839","article-title":", 1987Murray WB, Yankelowitz SM, le Roux M, Bester HF. Prevention of post-tonsillectomy pain with analgesic doses of ketamine.","volume":"72","year":"1987","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"RU33-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.5.559","article-title":", 1991Naguib M, Sharif AMY, Seraj M, El Gammal M, Dawlatly AA. Ketamine for caudal analgesia in children: comparison with bupivacaine.","volume":"67","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"RU34-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199712000-00021","article-title":", 1997Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Ma ML, Mainland PA, Gin T. Postoperative analgesic requirement after cesarean section: a comparison of anesthetic induction with ketamine or thiopental.","volume":"85","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU35-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6532(01)00108-1","article-title":"Osborne, 2001Ong EL, Osborne GA. Ketamine for co-induction of anaesthesia in oral surgery.","volume":"9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ambul Surg"},{"key":"RU36-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00913.x","article-title":", 2002Ozbek H, Bilen A, Ozcengiz D, Gunes Y, Ozalevli M, Akman H. The comparison of caudal ketamine, alfentanil and ketamine plus alfentanil administration for postoperative analgesia in children.","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"RU37-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640090124","article-title":", 2001Papaziogas B, Argiriadou H, Papagiannopoulou P, Pavlidis T, Georgiou M, Sfyra E, Papaziogas T. Preincisional intravenous low-dose ketamine and local infiltration with ropivacaine reduces postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.","volume":"15","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"RU38-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199504000-00009","article-title":", 1995Qureshi FA, Mellis PT, McFadden MA. Efficacy of oral ketamine for providing sedation and analgesia to children requiring laceration repair.","volume":"11","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"RU39-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200107000-00025","article-title":", 2001Reeves M, Lindholm DE, Myles PS, Fletcher H, Hunt JO. Adding ketamine to morphine for patient-controlled analgesia after major abdominal surgery: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.","volume":"93","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU40-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00463-3","article-title":", 2003Rosseland LA, Stubhaug A, Sandberg L, Breivik H. Intra-articular (IA) catheter administration of postoperative analgesics. A new trial design allows evaluation of baseline pain, demonstrates large variation in need of analgesics, and finds no analgesic effect of IA ketamine compared with IA saline.","volume":"104","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"RU41-11-20210227","first-page":"1161","article-title":", 1993Roytblat L, Korotkoruchko A, Katz J, Glazer M, Greemberg L, Fisher A. Postoperative pain: the effect of low-dose ketamine in addition to general anesthesia.","volume":"77","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU42-11-20210227","first-page":"452","article-title":", 1971Sadove MS, Shulman M, Hatano S, Fevold N. Analgesic effects of ketamine administered in subdissociative doses.","volume":"50","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU43-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04854.x","article-title":", 1997Stubhaug A, Breivik H, Eide PK, Kreunen M, Foss A. Mapping of punctuate hyperalgesia around a surgical incision demonstrates that ketamine is a powerful suppressor of central sensitization to pain following surgery.","volume":"41","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"RU44-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200111000-00059","article-title":", 2001aSubramaniam B, Subramaniam K, Pawar DK, Sennaraj B. Preoperative epidural ketamine in combination with morphine does not have a clinically relevant intra- and postoperative opioid-sparing effect.","volume":"93","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU45-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(01)00278-1","article-title":", 2001bSubramaniam K, Subramaniam B, Pawar DK, Kumar L. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of epidural ketamine combined with morphine for postoperative analgesia after major upper abdominal surgery.","volume":"13","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"RU46-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199907000-00017","article-title":", 1999Susuki M, Tsueda K, Lansig PS, Tolan MM, Fuhrman TM, Ignacio CI, Sheppard RA. Small-doses ketamine enhances morphine induced analgesia after outpatient surgery.","volume":"89","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"RU47-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460817.x","article-title":", 2002Unlugenc H, Guenduez M, Oezalevli M, Akman H. A comparative study on the analgesic effect of tramadol, tramadol plus magnesium, and tramadol plus ketamine for postoperative pain management after major abdominal surgery.","volume":"46","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"RU48-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200305000-00012","article-title":", 2003Unlugenc H, Ozalevli M, Guler T, Isik G. Postoperative pain management with intravenous patient-controlled morphine: comparison of the effect of adding magnesium or ketamine.","volume":"20","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesth"},{"issue":"244-8","key":"RU49-11-20210227","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Wulf, 2003Weber F, Wulf H. Caudal bupivacaine and s()-ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children.","volume":"13","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"RU50-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/80.3.299","article-title":"Fee, 1998Weir PS, Fee JP. Double-blind comparison of extradural block with three bupivacaine- ketamine mixtures in knee arthroplasty.","volume":"80","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"317-322","key":"RU51-11-20210227","first-page":"2003","article-title":", 2003Xie H, Wang X, Liu G, Wang G. Analgesic effects and pharmacokinetics of a low dose of ketamine preoperatively administered epidurally or intravenously.","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pain"},{"key":"RU52-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07662.x","article-title":"Eren, 1996Yanli Y, Eren A. The effect of extradural ketamine on onset time and sensory block in extradural anaesthesia with bupivacaine.","volume":"51","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"RU53-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(02)00422-1","article-title":", 2002Zohar E, Luban I, Zunser I, Shapiro A, Jedeikin R, Fredman B. Patient-controlled bupivacaine wound instillation following cesarean section: the lack of efficacy of adjuvant ketamine.","volume":"14","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"}],"container-title":["Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006396-200501000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:32:42Z","timestamp":1785850362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006396-200501000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3959","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}