{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:45:41Z","timestamp":1787741141072,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.07.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,2]],"date-time":"2006-09-02T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1157181752000},"page":"294-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Repeated intrathecal injections of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-10 produce prolonged reversal of neuropathic pain"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Erin D.","family":"Milligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan M.","family":"Sloane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis S.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Jekich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay H.","family":"Levkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven F.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro E.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence R.","family":"Flotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond A.","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Leinwand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda R.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/35021228","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response.","volume":"406","author":"Aderem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R2-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R3-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90209-6","article-title":"A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man.","volume":"33","author":"Bennett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R4-32-20210227","first-page":"431","article-title":"Intrathecal gene transfer by adeno-associated virus for pain.","volume":"7","author":"Beutler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Mol therap"},{"key":"R5-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312822","article-title":"Cellular components of the immune barrier in the spinal meninges and dorsal root ganglia of the normal rat: immunohistochemical (MHC class II) and electron-microscopic observations.","volume":"273","author":"Braun","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"R6-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(97)00207-0","article-title":"Reproducible and efficient murine CNS gene delivery using a microprocessor-controlled injector.","volume":"80","author":"Brooks","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"R7-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.02.025","article-title":"Inverted terminal repeat sequences of adeno-associated virus enhance the antibody and CD8 responses to a HIV-1 p55GagLAMP DNA vaccine chimera.","volume":"323","author":"Chikhlikar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R8-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R9-32-20210227","first-page":"239","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide is a frequent contaminant of plasmid DNA preparation and can be toxic to primary human cells in the presence of adenovirus.","volume":"1","author":"Cotten","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R10-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.4.1945","article-title":"Suppression of ongoing ocular inflammatory disease by topical administration of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10.","volume":"159","author":"Daheshia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R11-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1104","article-title":"Viral vectors for gene delivery to the nervous system.","volume":"4","author":"Davidson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R12-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301814","article-title":"Amelioration of chronic neuropathic pain after partial nerve injury by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated over-expression of BDNF in the rat spinal cord.","volume":"9","author":"Eaton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R13-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53762-5","article-title":"Expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator from a novel adeno-associated virus promoter.","volume":"268","author":"Flotte","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R14-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80014-X","article-title":"Other functions, other genes: alternative activation of antigen-presenting cells.","volume":"10","author":"Goerdt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"R15-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01201-1","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immune response.","volume":"111","author":"Gordon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R16-32-20210227","first-page":"23","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages.","volume":"3","author":"Gordon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"R17-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000114808","article-title":"Classification of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.","volume":"15","author":"Guseo","year":"1977","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"R18-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03201438","article-title":"Efficient estimation of sensory thresholds.","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behav Res Meth Instrum Comput"},{"key":"R21-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302037","article-title":"Immunity to adenovirus and adeno-associated viral vectors: implication for gene therapy.","volume":"10","author":"Jooss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R22-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1407","article-title":"CCL17 and IL-10 as effectors that enable alternatively activated macrophages to inhibit the generation of classically activated macrophages.","volume":"172","author":"Katakura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R23-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects.","volume":"20","author":"Krieg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R24-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1028","article-title":"TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome.","volume":"5","author":"Latz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Immunol"},{"key":"R25-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00195-5","article-title":"Cytokine involvement in dynorphin-induced allodynia.","volume":"84","author":"Laughlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R26-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00031-6","article-title":"Regional and temporal expression patterns of interleukin-10, interleukin-10 receptor and adhesion molecules in the rat spinal cord during chronic relapsing EAE.","volume":"136","author":"Ledeboer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"R27-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L796","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1999.276.5.L796","article-title":"Effect of immune response on gene transfer to the lung via systemic administration of cationic lipidic vectors.","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"R28-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302036","article-title":"Molecular basis of the inflammatory response to adenovirus vectors.","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R29-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01422-4","article-title":"Adenoviral gene transfer to spinal cord neurons: intrathecal vs. intraparenchymal administration.","volume":"793","author":"Mannes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R30-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17217","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303837200","article-title":"Activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by bacterial DNA and lipopolysaccharide increases cell surface DNA binding and internalization.","volume":"279","author":"McCoy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R31-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.11.001","article-title":"Immune and glial cell factors as pain mediators and modulators.","volume":"192","author":"McMahon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exper Neurol"},{"key":"R32-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990322)405:4<553::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Distribution and phenotype of dendritic cells and resident tissue macrophages in the dura mater, leptomeninges, and choroid plexus of the rat brain as demonstrated in whole mount preparations.","volume":"405","author":"McMenamin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"R33-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-003-0779-0","article-title":"Macrophages and dendritic cells in the rat meninges and choroid plexus: three-dimensional localisation by environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy.","volume":"313","author":"McMenamin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"R34-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03140-5","article-title":"A systematic review of antidepressants in neuropathic pain.","volume":"68","author":"McQuay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R35-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80412-2","article-title":"Innate Immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition.","volume":"91","author":"Medzhitov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R36-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950016735","article-title":"Gene expression along the cerebral-spinal axis after regional gene delivery.","volume":"10","author":"Meuli-Simmen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"R37-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04057.x","article-title":"Controlling pathological pain by adenovirally driven spinal production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-10.","volume":"21","author":"Milligan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"R38-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02050-3","article-title":"Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia produced by intrathecal administration of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein, gp120.","volume":"861","author":"Milligan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R39-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02808.2001","article-title":"Intrathecal HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 enhanced pain states mediated by spinal cord proinflammatory cytokines.","volume":"21","author":"Milligan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R40-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-1-9","article-title":"Controlling neuropathic pain by adeno-associated virus driven production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10.","volume":"1","author":"Milligan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"R41-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor.","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R42-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn752","article-title":"Innate immunity: the missing link in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration?","volume":"3","author":"Nguyen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"R43-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.09.009","article-title":"A method for measuring multiple cytokines from small samples.","volume":"18","author":"OConnor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R44-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR.","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R45-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.4.2411","article-title":"Efficient and sustained gene expression in primary T lymphocytes and primary and cultured tumor cells mediated by adeno-associated virus plasmid DNA complexed to cationic liposomes.","volume":"14","author":"Philip","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R48-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00428-8","article-title":"Transient in vivo activation of rat brain macrophagesmicroglial cells and strocytes by immunostimulatory multiple CpG oligonucleotides.","volume":"113","author":"Schluesener","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"R49-32-20210227","first-page":"405","article-title":"Gene transfer by naked DNA into adult mouse brain.","volume":"3","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R50-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301970","article-title":"Repeated intrathecal administration of plasmid DNA complexed with polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylenimine led to prolonged transgene expression in the spinal cord.","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R52-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.5.2116","article-title":"Macrophages ingest and are activated by bacterial DNA.","volume":"157","author":"Stacey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R53-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0311","article-title":"Sequential injection of cationic liposome and plasmid DNA effectively transfects the lung with minimal inflammatory toxicity.","volume":"3","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"R54-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.12.002","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and spinal microglia: a big problem from molecules in small glia.","volume":"28","author":"Tsuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"R55-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1251","article-title":"Glia: a novel drug discovery target for clinical pain.","volume":"2","author":"Watkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"R57-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01854-3","article-title":"Glial activation: a driving force for pathological pain.","volume":"24","author":"Watkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"R58-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1995.6.3-317","article-title":"Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide copurifies with plasmid DNA: implications for animal models and human gene therapy.","volume":"6","author":"Wicks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"R60-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200106000-00029","article-title":"Gene therapy for the management of pain: Part I: methods and strategies.","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthes"},{"key":"R61-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.356","article-title":"A DNA vaccine containing inverted terminal repeats from adeno-associated virus increases immunity to HIV.","volume":"5","author":"Xin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"R62-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00078-7","article-title":"Interleukin-2 gene therapy of chronic neuropathic pain.","volume":"112","author":"Yao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R63-32-20210227","first-page":"791","article-title":"Interleukin-2 gene has superior antinociceptive effects when delivered intrathecally.","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci Neuropathol"},{"key":"R64-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.09.011","article-title":"Construction and sequencing of an infectious clone of the human parvovirus B19.","volume":"318","author":"Zhi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R65-32-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4646","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.7.4646-4654.1996","article-title":"A humanized green fluorescent protein cDNA adapted for high level expression in mammalian cells.","volume":"70","author":"Zolotukhin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006396-200612150-00032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:50:45Z","timestamp":1785858645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006396-200612150-00032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2006.07.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3959","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}