{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:25:49Z","timestamp":1786119949682,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T04:33:18Z","timestamp":1309926798000},"page":"2277-2282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Clinically important difference thresholds of the visual analog scale: A conceptual model for identifying meaningful intraindividual changes for pain intensity"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Emshoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bertram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Emshoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-17-20210126","first-page":"400","article-title":"Looking for important changedifferences in studies of responsiveness. OMERACT MCID Working Group. Outcome measures in rheumatology. Minimal clinically important difference.","volume":"28","author":"Beaton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R2-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00126-7","article-title":"Pain epidemiology and health related quality of life in chronic non-malignant pain patients referred to a Danish multidisciplinary pain center.","volume":"73","author":"Becker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R3-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00149-2","article-title":"Responsiveness of functional status in low back pain: a comparison of different instruments.","volume":"65","author":"Beurskens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R4-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.118012","article-title":"Clinically significant changes in pain along the visual analog scale.","volume":"38","author":"Bird","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R5-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200003000-00005","article-title":"A comparison of pain rating scales by sampling from clinical trial data.","volume":"16","author":"Breivik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R6-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780381108","article-title":"Which outcome measures should be used in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials? Clinical and quality-of-life measures responsiveness to treatment in a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"38","author":"Buchbinder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R7-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0349","article-title":"The treatment of painful temporomandibular joint clicking with oral splints: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"137","author":"Conti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R8-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00613-0","article-title":"Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain: which are reliable and valid?","volume":"85","author":"Crossley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R9-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.1.8","article-title":"A comparison of five low back disability questionnaires: reliability and responsiveness.","volume":"82","author":"Davidson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R10-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-9109-9","article-title":"Minimally important change determined by a visual method integrating an anchor-based and a distribution-based approach.","volume":"16","author":"de Vet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"R11-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(05)80019-4","article-title":"Reproducibility and responsiveness of health status measures. Statistics and strategies for evaluation.","volume":"12","author":"Deyo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Controlled Clin Trials"},{"key":"R12-17-20210126","first-page":"301","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique.","volume":"6","author":"Dworkin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Craniomandib Disord"},{"key":"R13-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2249","article-title":"Advances in clinical research methodology for pain clinical trials.","volume":"16","author":"Farrar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R14-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale.","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R15-17-20210126","first-page":"422","article-title":"A review of evidence on the discriminant validity of outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"28","author":"Felson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R16-17-20210126","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Reliability of pain scales in the assessment of literate and illiterate patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"17","author":"Ferraz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R17-17-20210126","first-page":"5862","article-title":"Administration: draft guidance for industry on patient-reported outcome measures: use in medicinal product development to support labeling claims.","volume":"71","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fed Reg"},{"key":"R18-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380802","article-title":"Measuring relevant change: an emerging challenge in rheumatologic clinical trials.","volume":"38","author":"Fortin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R19-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.015792","article-title":"Assessment of the clinically relevant change in pain for patients with sciatica.","volume":"63","author":"Giraudeau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R20-17-20210126","first-page":"561","article-title":"Criteria for clinically important changes in outcomes: development, scoring and evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis patient and trial profiles. OMERACT Committee.","volume":"20","author":"Goldsmith","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R21-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90069-5","article-title":"Measuring change over time: assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments.","volume":"40","author":"Guyatt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"R22-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7132.690","article-title":"Interpreting treatment effects in randomised trials.","volume":"316","author":"Guyatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R23-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.3.6878708","article-title":"A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases.","volume":"148","author":"Hauley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R24-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(89)90005-6","article-title":"Measurement of health status: ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference.","volume":"10","author":"Jaeschke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"R25-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90036-1","article-title":"Determining a minimal important change in a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire.","volume":"47","author":"Juniper","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R26-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.44.2.194","article-title":"Global impressions versus validated measures of treatment effectiveness in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain.","volume":"44","author":"Just","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"R28-17-20210126","first-page":"505","article-title":"A multicentric cost-of-illness study on rheumatoid arthritis in Italy.","volume":"20","author":"Leardini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R29-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1197\/S1069-6563(03)00372-5","article-title":"Clinically important change in the visual analog scale after adequate pain control.","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R30-17-20210126","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Evaluating measurement responsiveness.","volume":"22","author":"Liang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R31-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200009002-00013","article-title":"Longitudinal construct validity: establishment of clinical meaning in patient evaluative instruments.","volume":"38","author":"Liang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"R32-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01593882","article-title":"Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate?","volume":"4","author":"McHorney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"R33-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800031501","article-title":"Randomized controlled evaluation of non-surgical treatments for temporomandibular joint anterior disk displacement without reduction.","volume":"80","author":"Minakuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R34-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.09.005","article-title":"24-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was preferred out of six functional status questionnaires for post-lumbar disc surgery.","volume":"57","author":"Ostelo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R35-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815cf75b","article-title":"Minimal clinically important change of the neck disability index and the numerical rating scale for patients with neck pain.","volume":"32","author":"Pool","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"R36-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90126-4","article-title":"The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain.","volume":"17","author":"Price","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R37-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410110045008","article-title":"Assessing the clinical importance of symptomatic improvements: an illustration in rheumatology.","volume":"153","author":"Redelmeier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R38-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00301-3","article-title":"Comorbidity of pain-associated disability and depressive symptoms in connection with sociodemographic variables: results from a cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Hungary.","volume":"93","author":"Rethelyi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R39-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.012","article-title":"Recommended methods for determining responsiveness and minimally important differences for patient-reported outcomes.","volume":"61","author":"Revicki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R40-17-20210126","first-page":"291","article-title":"Minimal clinically important changes in chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity measured on a numerical rating scale.","volume":"283-","author":"Salaffi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"R41-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90287-8","article-title":"An evaluation of length and end-phrase of visual analogue scales in dental pain.","volume":"21","author":"Seymour","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R42-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.07.009","article-title":"Clinical significance of patient-reported questionnaire data: another step toward consensus.","volume":"58","author":"Sloan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R43-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.6.528","article-title":"Assessing change over time in patients with low back pain.","volume":"74","author":"Stratford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R44-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00016-9","article-title":"Interpretation of change scores in ordinal clinical scales and health status measures: the whole may not equal the sum of the parts.","volume":"49","author":"Stucki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R45-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615","article-title":"Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems.","volume":"240","author":"Swets","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R46-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.04.029","article-title":"Treatment of painful temporomandibular joints with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a randomized placebo-controlled comparison of celecoxib to naproxen.","volume":"111","author":"Ta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R47-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.12.021","article-title":"Patient-perceived satisfactory improvement (PPSI): interpreting meaningful change in pain from the patients perspective.","volume":"121","author":"ten Klooster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R48-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.119746","article-title":"Patient-oriented outcome measures: the promise of definition.","volume":"38","author":"Todd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R49-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023028","article-title":"Evaluation of clinically relevant states in patient reported outcomes in knee and hip osteoarthritis: the patient acceptable symptom state.","volume":"64","author":"Tubach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R50-17-20210126","first-page":"669","article-title":"De nederlandse versie van McGill pain questionaire: een betrouwbare pijnvragenlijst. The Dutch version of the McGill pain questionnaire: a reliable pain questionnaire.","volume":"139","author":"Van der Kloot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"R51-17-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90154-4","article-title":"Grading the severity of chronic pain.","volume":"50","author":"Von Korff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R52-17-20210126","first-page":"30","article-title":"A method for clinically defining improvers in chronic pain patients.","volume":"22","author":"Wassell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"R53-17-20210126","first-page":"406","article-title":"Minimal clinically important differences: review of methods.","volume":"28","author":"Wells","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R54-17-20210126","first-page":"583","article-title":"Expanding the definition of clinical differences: from minimally clinically important differences to really important differences. Analyses in 8931 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"32","author":"Wolfe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T19:32:32Z","timestamp":1786044752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006396-201110000-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3959","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}}}