{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:24:16Z","timestamp":1791390256439,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Supplement 1","content-domain":{"domain":["painjournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T18:46:34Z","timestamp":1378925194000},"page":"S94-S100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Opioid therapy for chronic pain in the United States: Promises and perils"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine Q.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26","article-title":"Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence.","volume":"24","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R3-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.033","article-title":"High opiate receptor binding potential in the human lateral pain system.","volume":"30","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R4-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.09.027","article-title":"Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2011.","volume":"38","author":"Bodnar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R5-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370","article-title":"Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths.","volume":"305","author":"Bohnert","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R7-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.273","article-title":"Emergency department visits among recipients of chronic opioid therapy.","volume":"170","author":"Braden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R8-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.07.003","article-title":"Trends in long-term opioid therapy for noncancer pain among persons with a history of depression.","volume":"31","author":"Braden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.10.007","article-title":"Predictors of change in pain and physical functioning among post-menopausal women with recurrent pain conditions in the womens health initiative observational cohort.","volume":"13","author":"Braden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R10-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.08.029","article-title":"Prediction of failure to retain work 1 year after interdisciplinary functional restoration in occupational injuries.","volume":"93","author":"Brede","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R11-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000268145.52345.55","article-title":"Pain management: a fundamental human right.","volume":"105","author":"Brennan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R12-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70040-2","article-title":"Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC.","volume":"13","author":"Caraceni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R13-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-5-3","article-title":"A primary care, multi-disciplinary disease management program for opioid-treated patients with chronic non-cancer pain and a high burden of psychiatric comorbidity.","volume":"5","author":"Chelminski","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"R14-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.10.008","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain.","volume":"10","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R15-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2008.02.070144","article-title":"Quality of life associated with daily opioid therapy in a primary care chronic pain sample.","volume":"21","author":"Dillie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"R16-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00006","article-title":"Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study.","volume":"152","author":"Dunn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R18-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.017","article-title":"Risks for opioid abuse and dependence among recipients of chronic opioid therapy: results from the TROUP study.","volume":"112","author":"Edlund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R19-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181b99f35","article-title":"Trends in use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain among individuals with mental health and substance use disorders: the TROUP study.","volume":"26","author":"Edlund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R20-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.01.012","article-title":"An analysis of heavy utilizers of opioids for chronic noncancer pain in the TROUP study.","volume":"40","author":"Edlund","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R21-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3231","article-title":"The pain of social disconnection: examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain.","volume":"13","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R22-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.06.009","article-title":"Critical issues on opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: an epidemiological study.","volume":"125","author":"Eriksen","year":"2006","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R23-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(82)90432-4","article-title":"Opiate antagonists stimulate affiliative behaviour in monkeys.","volume":"16","author":"Fabre-Nys","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"R24-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00370.x","article-title":"What percentage of chronic nonmalignant pain patients exposed to chronic opioid analgesic therapy develop abuseaddiction andor aberrant drug-related behaviors? A structured evidence-based review.","volume":"9","author":"Fishbain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"R25-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.166","article-title":"A true believers flawed analysis.","volume":"171","author":"Foley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R26-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00491.x","article-title":"Reported lifetime aberrant drug-taking behaviors are predictive of current substance use and mental health problems in primary care patients.","volume":"9","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"R27-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.21998","article-title":"Bending the prescription opioid dosing and mortality curves: impact of the Washington State opioid dosing guideline.","volume":"55","author":"Franklin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R28-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181b01710","article-title":"Opioid use for chronic low back pain: a prospective, population-based study among injured workers in Washington state, 2002-2005.","volume":"25","author":"Franklin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R29-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318160455c","article-title":"Early opioid prescription and subsequent disability among workers with back injuries: the disability risk identification study cohort.","volume":"33","author":"Franklin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1)"},{"key":"R30-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051528","article-title":"Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: a meta-analysis of effectiveness and side effects.","volume":"174","author":"Furlan","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R31-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000252909.52316.27","article-title":"Ethical considerations at the end of life in the intensive care unit.","volume":"35","author":"Gavrin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R32-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00263-3","article-title":"Controlled substances and pain management: changes in knowledge and attitudes of state medical regulators.","volume":"21","author":"Gilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R33-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.117","article-title":"Opioid dose and drug-related mortality in patients with nonmalignant pain.","volume":"171","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R35-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.3.262","article-title":"Centenarians: metaphor becomes reality.","volume":"168","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R36-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(78)90167-3","article-title":"Effects of morphine and naloxone on separation distress and approach attachment: evidence for opiate mediation of social affect.","volume":"9","author":"Herman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"R39-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2010.547560","article-title":"Declaration of Montreal: declaration that access to pain management is a fundamental human right.","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"R40-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.033","article-title":"Substance misuse treatment for high-risk chronic pain patients on opioid therapy: a randomized trial.","volume":"150","author":"Jamison","year":"2010","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R41-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.019","article-title":"Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety.","volume":"112","author":"Kalso","year":"2004","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R42-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.09.003","article-title":"Correlates of higher-dose opioid medication use for low back pain in primary care.","volume":"13","author":"Kobus","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R43-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/91","article-title":"A systematic review of randomized trials of long-term opioid management for chronic non-cancer pain.","volume":"14","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"R44-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00006","article-title":"Systematic review: opioid treatment for chronic back pain: prevalence, efficacy, and association with addiction.","volume":"146","author":"Martell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R45-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1771-0","article-title":"Long-term chronic opioid therapy discontinuation rates from the TROUP study.","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R46-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.85","article-title":"Medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school seniors in the United States.","volume":"166","author":"McCabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R47-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.129908","article-title":"Early postnatal stress alters place conditioning to both mu- and kappa-opioid agonists.","volume":"325","author":"Michaels","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R48-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095943","article-title":"Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene.","volume":"304","author":"Moles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R49-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.08.002","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of veterans prescribed high doses of opioid medications for chronic non-cancer pain.","volume":"151","author":"Morasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R50-11-20210112","first-page":"CD006605","article-title":"Long-term opioid management for chronic noncancer pain.","volume":"1","author":"Noble","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R51-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3951","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000-2009.","volume":"307","author":"Patrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R52-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01260.x","article-title":"A history of being prescribed controlled substances and risk of drug overdose death.","volume":"13","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"R53-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.704591","article-title":"Hooked on prescription-type opiates prior to using heroin: results from a survey of syringe exchange clients.","volume":"44","author":"Peavy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"R54-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16951-1","article-title":"Appropriate use of opioids for persistent non-cancer pain.","volume":"364","author":"Portenoy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R55-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90091-6","article-title":"Chronic use of opioid analgesics in non-malignant pain: report of 38 cases.","volume":"25","author":"Portenoy","year":"1986","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R56-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198001103020221","article-title":"Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics.","volume":"302","author":"Porter","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R57-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00883.x","article-title":"Characteristics of older adults receiving opioids in primary care: treatment duration and outcomes.","volume":"11","author":"Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"R58-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.11.011","article-title":"Mental health disorders and long-term opioid use among adolescents and young adults with chronic pain.","volume":"50","author":"Richardson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"R59-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.853","article-title":"Around-the-clock, controlled-release oxycodone therapy for osteoarthritis-related pain: placebo-controlled trial and long-term evaluation.","volume":"160","author":"Roth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R60-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1218-z","article-title":"Relationship of opioid use and dosage levels to fractures in older chronic pain patients.","volume":"25","author":"Saunders","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R61-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.11.004","article-title":"Concurrent use of alcohol and sedatives among persons prescribed chronic opioid therapy: prevalence and risk factors.","volume":"13","author":"Saunders","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R62-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.234","article-title":"Association of mental health disorders with prescription opioids and high-risk opioid use in US veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan.","volume":"307","author":"Seal","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R63-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181f15daf","article-title":"A population-based cohort study on chronic pain: the role of opioids.","volume":"26","author":"Sjogren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R64-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.10.006","article-title":"Ethical challenges in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain: negotiating through the cloud of doubt.","volume":"6","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R66-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.027","article-title":"Trends in use of opioids for non-cancer pain conditions 2000-2005 in commercial and Medicaid insurance plans: the TROUP study.","volume":"138","author":"Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R68-11-20210112","first-page":"6","article-title":"A consensus statement from the American Academy of Pain Medicine and the American Pain Society.","volume":"13","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R69-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.017","article-title":"Opioid therapy for nonspecific low back pain and the outcome of chronic work loss.","volume":"142","author":"Volinn","year":"2009","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R70-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903303201306","article-title":"The physicians responsibility toward hopelessly ill patients. A second look.","volume":"320","author":"Wanzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R72-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318145a731","article-title":"Relationship between early opioid prescribing for acute occupational low back pain and disability duration, medical costs, subsequent surgery and late opioid use.","volume":"32","author":"Webster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1)"},{"key":"R73-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.008","article-title":"Approaches to improve pain relief while minimizing opioid abuse liability.","volume":"11","author":"Webster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R74-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.006","article-title":"Trends in prescribed opioid therapy for non-cancer pain for individuals with prior substance use disorders.","volume":"145","author":"Weisner","year":"2009","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"R75-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.121","article-title":"Adjunctive counseling during brief and extended buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for prescription opioid dependence: a 2-phase randomized controlled trial.","volume":"68","author":"Weiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R76-11-20210112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181bc006e","article-title":"Opiates for chronic nonmalignant pain syndromes: can appropriate candidates be identified for outpatient clinic management?","volume":"88","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T21:21:03Z","timestamp":1646515263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006396-201312001-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3959","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Opioid therapy for chronic pain in the United States: Promises and perils","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"PAIN\u00ae","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}