{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:27:31Z","timestamp":1790281651368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Epidemiology and Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:20:23Z","timestamp":1589156423000},"page":"e00155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maireg","family":"Hailu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassahun","family":"Asmare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endrias Zewdu","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desie","family":"Sheferaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gizaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0005","first-page":"107","article-title":"An epidemiological study of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves on selected dairy farms of central Ethiopia","volume":"159","author":"Abebe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revue M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.17221\/5952-VETMED","article-title":"Recovery of Cryptosporidium from spiked water and stool samples measured by PCR and real-time PCR","volume":"57","author":"Adamska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.06.004","article-title":"Giardia and Cryptosporidium in mammalian wildlife - current status and future needs","volume":"21","author":"Appelbee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.390-400.2002","article-title":"Vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium species","volume":"215","author":"Arrowood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3219-7","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in bovine calves: prevalence and potential risk factors in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Ayele","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00052-7","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. on dairy farms in South-Eastern New York state","volume":"59","author":"Barwick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0035","series-title":"Dairy Herd Health","first-page":"35","article-title":"Restoring the dairy herd: Rearing youngstock and replacing cows","author":"Breen","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.06.013","article-title":"Unraveling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology","volume":"21","author":"Caccio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00036-5","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors involved in the spread of neonatal bovine cryptosporidiosis in Galicia (NW Spain)","volume":"106","author":"Castro-Hermida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.09.014","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp.in dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada","volume":"150","author":"Coklin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0055","series-title":"Veterinary Medicine, a Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats","first-page":"397","author":"Constable","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Lucio A, Amor-Aramend\u00eda A, Bailo B, Saugar JM, Anegagrie M, Arroyo A, L\u00f3pez-Quintana, B. Zewdie, D, Ayehubizu, Z, Yizengaw, E, Abera, B, Yimer, M, Mulu, W, Hailu, T, Herrador, Z, Fuentes, I., and Carmena, D. (2016). Prevalence and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among school children in a rural area of the Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia. PLoS One 11(7): 0159992.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.01.005","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum infection and associated risk factors in dairy calves in western France","volume":"118","author":"Delafosse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0070","series-title":"Veterinary Epidemiologic Research","first-page":"239","author":"Dohoo","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0075","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum and other intestinal parasites among diarrheal patients referred to EHNRI in Ethiopia","volume":"42","author":"Endeshaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ethiop. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.01.86","article-title":"Potential risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves","volume":"205","author":"Garber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1526-1529.1997","article-title":"Evaluation of nine immunoassay kits (enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescence) for the detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens","volume":"35","author":"Garcia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3923\/aje.2015.48.63","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in animals and man: 1. Taxonomic classification, life cycle, epidemiology and zoonotic importance","volume":"8","author":"Ghazy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.05.071","article-title":"An examination of the prevalence of and risk factors for shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in cows and calves from western Canadian cow-calf herds","volume":"137","author":"Gow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00076-4","article-title":"Areview of the importance of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals","volume":"29","author":"de Graaf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.024","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway","volume":"140","author":"Hamnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0110","first-page":"292","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Ningxia, northwestern China","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.009","article-title":"The zoonotic transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium","volume":"35","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0120","series-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Giardia Infections in Dairy Cattle Herds in Lusaka and Chilanga Districts of Zambia","author":"Kakandelwa","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9888","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and etiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the global enteric multicenter study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/1040-840291046713","article-title":"Current trends in research into the waterborne parasite Giardia","volume":"28","author":"Lane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.04.032","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different age groups of Danish cattle and pigs\u2014occurrence and management associated risk factors","volume":"141","author":"Maddox-Hyttel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0140","first-page":"79","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Addis Ababa and its environs, Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Manyazewal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg Stud Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00032-1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy cattle in southeastern New York State","volume":"83","author":"Mohammed","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0155","author":"National Meteorological Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0160","first-page":"703","article-title":"Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in British Columbia","volume":"38","author":"Olson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0170","series-title":"Herd Health, Food Animal Production Medicine","first-page":"333","author":"Radostits","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v17i1.7","article-title":"Cryptosporidium in calves, lambs, and kids at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Regassa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethiop. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001085","article-title":"Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs","volume":"141","author":"Ryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.03.020","article-title":"Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves","volume":"122","author":"Santin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.015","article-title":"Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the neglected diseases initiative","volume":"22","author":"Savioli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004729","article-title":"The burden of Cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children <24 months of age in moderate\/high mortality regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, utilizing data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)","volume":"10","author":"Sow","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0210","series-title":"Veterinary Epidemiology","first-page":"275","author":"Thrusfield","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0215","first-page":"205","article-title":"Prevalence of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis among children in relation to water sources in selected village of Pawi special district in Benishangul-Gumuz Region, northwestern Ethiopia","volume":"24","author":"Tigabu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Dev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0220","first-page":"3395","article-title":"Waterborne Giardia and Cryptosporidium: contamination of human drinking water by sewage and cattle feces","volume":"35","author":"Toledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-012-0153-9","article-title":"Factors influencing the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in south Indian dairy calves","volume":"37","author":"Venu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb6000","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Henan, China","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-419","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species infections among children and cattle in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154647","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species in dairy calves in central Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.06.005","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from calves in Oromia special zone, Central Ethiopia","volume":"43","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0916-0","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in lambs in Oromia special zone, central Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200410000-00014","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology","volume":"17","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1942-1943.1995","article-title":"Comparison of conventional stool concentration and preserved-smear methods with Merifluor Cryptosporidium\/Giardia direct immunofluorescence assay and ProSpecT Giardia EZ microplate assay for detection of Giardia lamblia","volume":"33","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Parasite Epidemiology and Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405673120300246?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405673120300246?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1762504802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405673120300246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2405673120300246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6731","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of World Federation of Parasitologists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e00155"}}