{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:24:33Z","timestamp":1784831073823,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,22]],"date-time":"2011-02-22T04:25:53Z","timestamp":1298348753000},"page":"213-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Genetically different clonal isolates of Trichomonas gallinae, obtained from the same bird, can vary in their drug susceptibility, an in vitro evidence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Elvira","family":"Zimre-Grabensteiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najma","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziza","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0005","first-page":"149","article-title":"Una forma di croup prodotta da un infusorio, nei polli","volume":"10","author":"Rivolta","year":"1878","journal-title":"Giorn anat fisiol e patol anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0010","series-title":"Avian Medicine: Principles and application","first-page":"491","article-title":"Trichomoniasis","author":"Lumeij","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012215","article-title":"Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds","volume":"5","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0020","first-page":"206","article-title":"Copper sulphate as treatment for subclinical trichomoniasis in pigeons","volume":"9","author":"Jaquette","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2307\/3274084","article-title":"Effect of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole (enheptin) and other drugs on Trichomonas gallinae infection in the domestic pigeon","volume":"39","author":"Stabler","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00155-6","article-title":"Trichomonads, hydrogenosomes and drug resistance","author":"Kulda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0035","first-page":"665","article-title":"Trichomonal vaginitis resistant to metronidazole","volume":"86","author":"Robinson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459008418665","article-title":"Failure of nitro-imidazole drugs to control trichomoniasis in the racing pigeon (Columba livia domestica)","volume":"19","author":"Lumeij","year":"1990","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1992.tb01032.x","article-title":"In vitro nitroimidazole resistance of Trichomonas gallinae and successful therapy with an increased dosage of ronidazole in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica)","volume":"15","author":"Franssen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1996.tb00010.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and anti-trichomonal efficacy of a dimetridazole tablet and water-soluble powder in homing pigeons (Columba livia)","volume":"19","author":"Inghelbrecht","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00164-2","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro sensitivity of Trichomonas gallinae to some nitroimidazole drugs","volume":"78","author":"Munoz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.04.015","article-title":"Molecular analysis of clonal trichomonad isolates indicate the existence of heterogenic species present in different birds and within the same host","volume":"172","author":"Grabensteiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0459-1","article-title":"Differences in the in vitro susceptibility of monokaryotic cultures of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis sp. to natural organic compounds","volume":"101","author":"Grabensteiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.09.014","article-title":"Axenization and optimization of in vitro growth of clonal cultures of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae","volume":"124","author":"Amin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00814-06","article-title":"Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates with resistance to metronidazole and tinidatole","volume":"50","author":"Schwebke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.3.332","article-title":"Use of a time-kill technique for susceptibility testing of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"27","author":"Krieger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.15.2.254","article-title":"Strain of Trichomonas vaginalis resistant to metronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles","volume":"15","author":"Meingassner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1585.1","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the Trichomonas gallinae morphologic complex in the United States","volume":"94","author":"Gerhold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.01.023","article-title":"Studies of trichomonad protozoa in free ranging songbirds: prevalence of Trichomon gallinae in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) and corvids and a novel trichomonad in mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos)","volume":"161","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04915.x","article-title":"In vitro induced anaerobic resistance to metronidazole in Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"40","author":"Kulda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(84)90068-7","article-title":"Tritrichomonas foetus: stable anaerobic resistance to metronidazole in vitro","volume":"57","author":"Kulda","year":"1984","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576911000183?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576911000183?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T11:51:46Z","timestamp":1543924306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576911000183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1383576911000183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2011.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}