{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:49:39Z","timestamp":1789213779167,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":244,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"USDA - Hatch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ILLU-698-904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ILLU-698-904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001503","name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research International Fellowship, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T15:24:14Z","timestamp":1510845854000},"page":"170-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effect of oregano essential oil and carvacrol on Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in HCT-8 cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3983-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashank","family":"Gaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa B.","family":"Kuhlenschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Kuhlenschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2349-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan E.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0005","series-title":"Geneva","article-title":"Control of Tropical Diseases","author":"WHO","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659401500117","article-title":"The consequences of hidden hunger for individuals and societies","volume":"15","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1086\/587658","article-title":"The interaction between nutrition and infection","volume":"46","author":"Katona","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): A prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.01.007","article-title":"Cryptosporidium excystation and invasion: getting to the guts of the matter","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60353-X","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in perspective","volume":"27","author":"Tzipori","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2008153275","article-title":"Drug treatment and novel drug target against Cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"Gargala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01208","article-title":"Drug development against the major diarrhea-causing parasites of the small intestine, cryptosporidium and giardia","volume":"6","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.08.004","article-title":"Plant active components - a resource for antiparasitic agents?","volume":"21","author":"Anthony","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022","article-title":"Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods\u2014a review","volume":"94","author":"Burt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Sivropoulou, E. Papanikolaou, C. Nikolaou, S. Kokkini, T. Lanaras, M. Arsenakis, Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of origanum essential oils, (1996).","DOI":"10.1021\/jf950540t"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-231R","article-title":"Microbial adhesion of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites: purification of an inhibitory lipid from bovine mucosa","volume":"90","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2008.06.016","article-title":"Microbial adhesion of Cryptosporidium parvum: identification of a colostrum-derived inhibitory lipid","volume":"162","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01915-15","article-title":"Inhibition of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (CDPK1) in vitro by Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives does not correlate with sensitivity of cryptosporidium Parvum growth in cell culture","volume":"60","author":"Kuhlenschmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0768-3","article-title":"Natural products as antiparasitic drugs","volume":"90","author":"Kayser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1535-5","article-title":"Effects of curcumin on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro","volume":"105","author":"Shahiduzzaman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18357","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro activity of aurones and related compounds against Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"67","author":"Kayser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.2307\/3285847","article-title":"Attempted chemoprophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in chickens, using diclazuril, toltrazuril, or garlic extract","volume":"85","author":"Sreter","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2011.12.003","article-title":"Efficacy of allium sativum (garlic) against experimental cryptosporidiosis","volume":"48","author":"Gaafar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alexandria J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0100","series-title":"The Yoga of Herbs : An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine","author":"Lad","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.8.3809-3817.2002","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro cell culture and a mouse assay for measuring infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"68","author":"Rochelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.10.026","article-title":"The mechanism of carvacrol-evoked [Ca2+]i rises and non-Ca2+\u2212triggered cell death in OC2 human oral cancer cells","volume":"303","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.653458","article-title":"The bioactivity and toxicological actions of Carvacrol","volume":"55","author":"Suntres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.106","article-title":"Biological effects of essential oils \u2013 a review","volume":"46","author":"Bakkali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.8.3874-3883.1998","article-title":"Paromomycin and geneticin inhibit intracellular Cryptosporidium parvum without trafficking through the host cell cytoplasm: implications for drug delivery","volume":"66","author":"Griffiths","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78267-6_5","article-title":"Calcium regulation and signaling in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"47","author":"Nagamune","year":"2008","journal-title":"Subcell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1021\/ml100096t","article-title":"Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of CDPK1 from C. parvum and T. gondii","volume":"1","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.4.1561-1568.2002","article-title":"The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus","volume":"68","author":"Ultee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2006.02.007","article-title":"Natural terpenes: Self-assembly and membrane partitioning","volume":"122","author":"Turina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0326-5","article-title":"Effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oils on Trypanosoma cruzi (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) growth and ultrastructure","volume":"100","author":"Santoro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-014-0006-7","article-title":"Isoprenoid metabolism in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"1","author":"Imlay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12107","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum scavenges LDL-derived cholesterol and micellar cholesterol internalized into enterocytes","volume":"15","author":"Ehrenman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02460-12","article-title":"Drug repurposing screen reveals FDA-approved inhibitors of human HMG-CoA reductase and isoprenoid synthesis that block Cryptosporidium parvum growth","volume":"57","author":"Bessoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001","article-title":"Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review","volume":"33","author":"Atanasov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0175","series-title":"Studying Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of a Complex Extract","author":"Beck","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1987.tb01783.x","article-title":"Metabolism in rats of p-cymene derivatives: carvacrol and thymol","volume":"61","author":"Austgulen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(200005)14:3<213::AID-PTR583>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Inhibition of enteric parasites by emulsified oil of oregano in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Force","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phyther. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06833.x","article-title":"Comparative development of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa) in 11 continuous host cell lines","volume":"118","author":"Upton","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.1.57","article-title":"Efficacy of nitazoxanide, tizoxanide and tizoxanide glucuronide against Cryptosporidium parvum development in sporozoite-infected HCT-8 enterocytic cells","volume":"46","author":"Gargala","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(200005)14:3<213::AID-PTR583>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Inhibition of enteric parasites by emulsified oil of oregano in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Force","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phyther. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.E. Pensel, M.A. Maggiore, L.B. Gende, M.J. Eguaras, M.G. Denegri, M.C. Elissondo, Efficacy of Essential Oils of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare on Echinococcus granulosus, 2014 (2014).","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/693289"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/0003942031000107299","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with eimeria tenella","volume":"57","author":"Giannenas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1L28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1394686","article-title":"Synergic interaction of aromatic compounds thymol and carvacrol against nematode Haemonchus contortus resistant strain","volume":"80","author":"Katiki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000200013","article-title":"Chemical composition and antiprotozoal activities of Colombian Lippia spp essential oils and their major components","volume":"105","author":"Escobar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576917302842?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576917302842?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T10:28:18Z","timestamp":1761301698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576917302842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1383576917302842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of oregano essential oil and carvacrol on Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in HCT-8 cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2017.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}