{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:32:47Z","timestamp":1792521167877,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program"},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education in Egypt"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T12:48:56Z","timestamp":1532522936000},"page":"736-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Age patterns of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in dairy calves in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Doaa","family":"Naguib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel H.","family":"El-Gohary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amro A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Roellig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagah","family":"Arafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8532-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-10","article-title":"Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.04.021","article-title":"Human cryptosporidiosis in Europe","volume":"22","author":"Caccio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2017.09.002","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis","volume":"8-9","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.06.001","article-title":"Zoonotic potential of Giardia","volume":"43","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001085","article-title":"Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs","volume":"141","author":"Ryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update","volume":"124","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.001","article-title":"Is Giardia a significant pathogen in production animals?","volume":"124","author":"Geurden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.11.001","article-title":"Drying of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts to slides abrogates use of vital dyes for viability staining","volume":"96","author":"Robertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.03.020","article-title":"Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves","volume":"122","author":"Santin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.018","article-title":"A longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle from birth to 2 years of age","volume":"155","author":"Santin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.09.028","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections","volume":"40","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.07.042","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in weaned cattle on cow-calf operations in the United States","volume":"183","author":"Santin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0065","series-title":"8th Int. Sci. Conf. Mansoura, Egypt","first-page":"297","article-title":"Study on role of cattle in transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum and Entamoeba species to man with special reference to its molecular characterization","author":"Naguib","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5081-7","article-title":"The zoonotic potential of Giardia intestinalis assemblage E in rural settings","volume":"115","author":"Abdel-Moein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-4996-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and public health significance of Cryptosporidium isolated from cattle, buffaloes, and humans in Egypt","volume":"115","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0080","first-page":"91","article-title":"Molecular and Conventional Detection of Zoonotic Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Children and Calves in Upper Egypt","volume":"4","author":"Sylvia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Dis. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.09.002","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Nile River delta provinces, Egypt","volume":"135","author":"Amer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.015","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the Ismailia province of Egypt","volume":"193","author":"Helmy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-321","article-title":"Epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in ruminant livestock and children in the Ismailia province of Egypt: insights by genetic characterization","volume":"7","author":"Helmy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0100","first-page":"44S","article-title":"Presence of heterogeneous copies of the small subunit rRNA gene in Cryptosporidium parvum human and marsupial genotypes and Cryptosporidium felis","volume":"46","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003","article-title":"Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in Portugal","volume":"41","author":"Alves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.10.001","article-title":"Wide geographic distribution of Cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in bovines","volume":"144","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00068-1","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the beta-giardin gene and development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to genotype Giardia duodenalis cysts from human faecal samples","volume":"32","author":"Caccio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030084","article-title":"Triosephosphate isomerase gene characterization and potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"9","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.02.001","article-title":"Discrimination of all genotypes of Giardia duodenalis at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus using PCR-RFLP","volume":"4","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.017","article-title":"Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes in dairy calves in Egypt","volume":"169","author":"Amer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14-0272","article-title":"Prevalence and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in farm animals in Egypt","volume":"76","author":"Mahfouz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01173.x","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in cattle","volume":"56","author":"Duranti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Hlth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(93)00645-F","article-title":"Infection pattern of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in calves","volume":"55","author":"Xiao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.03.391","article-title":"Duration of naturally acquired giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves and their association with diarrhea","volume":"214","author":"O'Handley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00107-5","article-title":"Cryptosporidia on dairy farms and the role these farms may have in contaminating surface water supplies in the northeastern United States","volume":"43","author":"Sischo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00514-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis on a dairy farm","volume":"102","author":"Huetink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00261-9","article-title":"Long-term study of Cryptosporidium prevalence on a lowland farm in the United Kingdom","volume":"116","author":"Sturdee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.06.017","article-title":"Observations on the epidemiology of bovine cryptosporidiosis in India","volume":"141","author":"Saha Roy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007003460","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology with subtype analysis of Cryptosporidium in calves in Belgium","volume":"134","author":"Geurden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.014","article-title":"First description of Cryptosporidium bovis in Japan and diagnosis and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrheic pre-weaned calves in Hokkaido","volume":"169","author":"Karanis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.09.022","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from calves in Argentina","volume":"198","author":"Tomazic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017014","article-title":"First molecular investigation of Cryptosporidium spp. in young calves in Algeria","volume":"24","author":"Benhouda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01701","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in China","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.02.028","article-title":"Unexpected finding of feline-specific Giardia duodenalis assemblage F and Cryptosporidium felis in asymptomatic adult cattle in northern Spain","volume":"209","author":"Cardona","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.06.051","article-title":"Giardiasis in NSW: identification of Giardia duodenalis assemblages contributing to human and cattle cases, and an epidemiological assessment of sporadic human giardiasis","volume":"44","author":"Asher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1828-3","article-title":"Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in dairy calves in Xinjiang, northwestern China","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.06.005","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from calves in Oromia Special Zone, Central Ethiopia","volume":"43","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2463-3","article-title":"Molecular investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre- and post-weaned calves in Hubei Province, China","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5509-8","article-title":"High genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage E in pre-weaned dairy calves in Shanghai, China, revealed by multilocus genotyping","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118239","article-title":"Assessment of zoonotic transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium between cattle and humans in rural villages in Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Ehsan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.02.007","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis: genetic recombination and its implications for taxonomy and molecular epidemiology","volume":"124","author":"Caccio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612016031","article-title":"Evidence of heterozygosity and recombinant alleles in single cysts of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"25","author":"Aguiar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576918302125?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576918302125?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T10:30:16Z","timestamp":1761301816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576918302125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1383576918302125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age patterns of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in dairy calves in Egypt","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2018.07.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}