{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:00:31Z","timestamp":1787238031602,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":273,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017057","name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K23704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K23704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19KK0174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19KK0174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T02:16:28Z","timestamp":1656382588000},"page":"102618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Molecular survey of Babesia, Theileria, Trypanosoma, and Anaplasma infections in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Doaa","family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thillaiampalam","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davaajav","family":"Otgonsuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motamed E.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab Kotb","family":"Elmahallawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arafat","family":"Khalphallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.E.Y.","family":"Kounour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Bayomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(84)90013-7","article-title":"The camel in health and disease. 2. Aspects of the husbandry and management of the genus Camelus","volume":"140","author":"Dorman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.v27i4.19906","article-title":"Role, distribution and perspective of camel breeding in the third millennium economies","volume":"27","author":"Faye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emirates J. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0015","first-page":"377","article-title":"Socioeconomic study for camel farming system in Egypt","volume":"6","author":"Mansour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Econom. Commerce Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3973-y","article-title":"Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alanazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blood parasites in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in northern west coast of Egypt","volume":"7","author":"El-Naga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.08.014","article-title":"Canine and ovine tick-borne pathogens in camels, Nigeria","volume":"228","author":"Lorusso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.070","article-title":"Quest for the piroplasms in camels: identification of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Jordanian dromedaries by PCR","volume":"186","author":"Qablan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0040","first-page":"568","article-title":"Molecular identification of hemoprotozoan parasites in camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Iran","volume":"11","author":"Sazmand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9528-y","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in livestock from nomadic herds in the Somali region","volume":"56","author":"Tomassone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053490","article-title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sinai, Egypt with a note on the acaricidal efficacy of ivermectin","volume":"17","author":"Van Straten","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190","article-title":"Babesiosis of cattle","volume":"129","author":"Bock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004748","article-title":"Theileria: intracellular protozoan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks","volume":"129","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004700","article-title":"Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host-pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia","volume":"129","author":"Kocan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0771-1","article-title":"Vector identification and clinical, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological characteristics of camel (Camelus dromedarius) theileriosis in Egypt","volume":"47","author":"Youssef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.08.003","article-title":"Molecular and parasitological detection of Trypanosoma evansi in Camels in Ismailia, Egypt","volume":"198","author":"Elhaig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.07.017","article-title":"Molecular survey and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a Trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in Egypt","volume":"123","author":"Elhaig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009767","article-title":"Multiple vector-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Egypt","volume":"15","author":"Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0090","first-page":"2","article-title":"Some protozoan parasites infecting blood of camels (Camelus dromedarius) at Assiut Locality, Upper Egypt","volume":"5","author":"Abd-Elmaleck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9597.1000269","article-title":"Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks infesting camels in Matrouh governorate, Egypt","volume":"7","author":"Barghash","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0100","first-page":"64","article-title":"Seasonal fluctuation of trypanosomiasis in camels in North-West Egypt and effect of age, sex, location, health status and vector abundance on the prevalence","volume":"6","author":"Sobhy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.10.016","article-title":"A comparison of DNA extraction protocols from blood spotted on FTA cards for the detection of tick-borne pathogens by reverse line blot hybridization","volume":"8","author":"Hailemariam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2017.04.006","article-title":"Cytochrome b conservation between six camel breeds reared in Egypt","volume":"15","author":"Othman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.014","article-title":"A PCR-based survey of selected Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle in Sri Lanka","volume":"190","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serological and molecular prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in Western Java, Indonesia","volume":"14","author":"Nugraha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasit. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0361","article-title":"Specific molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma marginale in Mongolian cattle","volume":"75","author":"Yba\u00f1ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00895-18","article-title":"Genetic analysis of Babesia isolates from cattle with clinical babesiosis in Sri Lanka","volume":"56","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1267-5","article-title":"The use of ITS1 rDNA PCR in detecting pathogenic African trypanosomes","volume":"95","author":"Njiru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.01.006","article-title":"Development and application of a quantitative real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Surra in water buffaloes","volume":"9","author":"Konnai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0233.1","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular identification of piroplasmids in Iranian dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"48","author":"Bahrami","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Zoo. Wildl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1539-9","article-title":"Assessment of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in equine populations in Egypt by molecular, serological and hematological approaches","volume":"9","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0155","first-page":"2233","article-title":"Host range and geographical distribution of Babesia sp Mymensingh","volume":"67","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52512-y","article-title":"Discovery of a new Theileria sp. closely related to Theileria annulata in cattle from Sri Lanka","volume":"9","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237187","article-title":"Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and PCR for the diagnosis of infection with Trypanosoma brucei ssp. in equids in The Gambia","volume":"15","author":"Gummery","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576922000824?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383576922000824?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:50:32Z","timestamp":1775789432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383576922000824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1383576922000824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular survey of Babesia, Theileria, Trypanosoma, and Anaplasma infections in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102618","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102618"}}