{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:33:19Z","timestamp":1791808399853,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T16:37:39Z","timestamp":1737563859000},"page":"103038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the global Theileria orientalis isolates inferred from MPSP gene sequences"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"El-Sayed","family":"El-Alfy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Elseadawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somaya","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Elmishmishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Al-Kappany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004748","article-title":"Theileria: intracellular protozoan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks","volume":"129","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0010","series-title":"Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets","first-page":"187","article-title":"Theileria in ruminants","author":"Kiara","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.09.002","article-title":"Alteration of host cell phenotype by Theileria annulata and Theileria parva: mining for manipulators in the parasite genomes","volume":"36","author":"Shiels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000499","article-title":"The transforming parasite Theileria co-opts host cell mitotic and central spindles to persist in continuously dividing cells","volume":"8","author":"Von Schubert","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31808-3","article-title":"Theileria orientalis, a cosmopolitan blood parasite of cattle: demonstration of the schizont stage","volume":"38","author":"Uilenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vpoa.2019.100022","article-title":"Haemaphysalis longicornis: the life-cycle on dogs and cattle, with confirmation of its vector status for Theileria orientalis in Australia","volume":"277","author":"Marendy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2015.1064792","article-title":"Theileria orientalis: a review","volume":"64","author":"Watts","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2011.552857","article-title":"An outbreak of haemolytic anaemia associated with infection of Theileria orientalis in naive cattle","volume":"59","author":"McFadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090697","article-title":"Clinical pathology, immunopathology and advanced vaccine technology in bovine theileriosis: a review","volume":"9","author":"Agina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00095-2","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein gene of benign bovine Theileria parasites in East Asia","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90355-7","article-title":"The taxonomy of the bovine Theileria spp","volume":"10","author":"Fujisaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000064283","article-title":"Protein analysis of Theileria sergenti\/buffeli\/orientalis piroplasms by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","volume":"102","author":"Sugimoto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931654","article-title":"Antigenic differences between Japanese Theileria sergenti and other benign Theileria species of cattle from Australia (T. Buffeli) and Britain (T. Orientalis)","volume":"78","author":"Kawazu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.61.275","article-title":"Expression of a major piroplasm surface protein of Theileria sergenti in sporozoite stage","volume":"61","author":"Sako","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.937","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of Theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan","volume":"71","author":"Ota","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.11.016","article-title":"Rapid discrimination and quantification of Theileria orientalis types using ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers","volume":"11","author":"Kamau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00113-1","article-title":"Phylogeny of benign Theileria species from cattle in Thailand, China and the USA based on the major piroplasm surface protein and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes","volume":"28","author":"Kakuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.251","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological survey of benign Theileria parasites of cattle in Japan: detection of a new type of major piroplasm surface protein gene","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-22","article-title":"Emergence of new types of Theileria orientalis in Australian cattle and possible cause of theileriosis outbreaks","volume":"4","author":"Kamau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00074-B","article-title":"Selection of diversity at putative glycosylation sites in the immunodominant merozoite\/piroplasm surface antigen of Theileria parasites","volume":"72","author":"Shiels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.237","article-title":"Analysis of immunodominant piroplasm surface protein genes of benign Theileria parasites distributed in China and Korea by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction","volume":"60","author":"Kakuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.57.279","article-title":"A genetic analysis of mixed population in Theileria sergenti stocks and isolates using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction","volume":"57","author":"Kubota","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(96)00047-1","article-title":"Analysis of immunodominant piroplasm surface antigen alleles in mixed populations of Theileria sergenti and T. Buffeli","volume":"26","author":"Kubota","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.253","article-title":"Survey of Theileria parasite infection in cattle in Taiwan","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(98)00008-3","article-title":"Theileria parasite infection in East Asia and control of the disease","volume":"21","author":"Onuma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.68.1335","article-title":"Genetic diversity of benign Theileria parasites of cattle in the Okinawa prefecture","volume":"68","author":"Zakimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991090","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of the benign Theileria parasites based on major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene sequences","volume":"137","author":"Jeong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0472","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological survey of Theileria orientalis in Thua Thien hue province, Vietnam","volume":"73","author":"Khukhuu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.05.024","article-title":"Detecting and differentiating Theileria sergenti and Theileria sinensis in cattle and yaks by PCR based on major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP)","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06622-6","article-title":"Detection of novel piroplasmid species and Babesia microti and Theileria orientalis genotypes in hard ticks from Tengchong County, Southwest China","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102077","article-title":"Oriental theileriosis associated with a new genotype of Theileria orientalis in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves in Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"14","author":"Baghel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2018.19.6.846","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic studies on clinical bovine piroplasmosis caused by benign Theileria in Shaanxi Province, China","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12410","article-title":"PopART: full-feature software for haplotype network construction","volume":"6","author":"Leigh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248","article-title":"DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets","volume":"34","author":"Rozas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.05.006","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of a cervine Theileria in wild deer, questing ticks, and cattle in Hokkaido, Japan","volume":"9","author":"Shibata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00074-6","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of the Theileria buffeli\/orientalis group","volume":"30","author":"Gubbels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.012","article-title":"Bovine theileriosis\u2013an emerging problem in South-Eastern Australia?","volume":"11","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03387-14","article-title":"Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay using multiplexed hydrolysis probes for detection and quantification of Theileria orientalis isolates and differentiation of clinically relevant subtypes","volume":"53","author":"Bogema","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2775-y","article-title":"Endemic, exotic and novel apicomplexan parasites detected during a national study of ticks from companion animals in Australia","volume":"11","author":"Greay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010125","article-title":"Distribution and prevalence of Theileria orientalis genotypes in adult lactating dairy cows in SouthWest region of Western Australia","volume":"12","author":"Leong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0507","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of Theileria parasite infection of cattle in Northeast China by allele-specific PCR","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0215","first-page":"991","article-title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. infections in sheep and cattle from the northeast region of China","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.06.017","article-title":"Common occurrence of Theileria annulata and the first report of T. ovis in dairy cattle from Southern Xinjiang, China","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6023-3","article-title":"Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Theileria orientalis in cattle in China","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0230","first-page":"29","article-title":"Survey of tick species and molecular detection of selected tick-borne pathogens in Yanbian, China","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07401-7","article-title":"Identification and isolation of pathogenic Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype from confined dairy cattle, in Hebei, China","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.10.002","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of bovine Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle, buffaloes, and sheep in Egypt","volume":"64","author":"Elsify","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03176-w","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis in cattle","volume":"54","author":"Selim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.03.005","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0255","first-page":"281","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of bovine Theileria spp. isolated in south India","volume":"30","author":"Aparna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001468","article-title":"Fatal Theileria orientalis N2 genotype infection among Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in a commercial dairy farm in Kerala, India","volume":"143","author":"Vinodkumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-019-00414-z","article-title":"Ticks and accompanying pathogens of domestic and wild animals of Kerala, South India","volume":"79","author":"Nimisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0263","article-title":"Genotypic diversity of Theileria orientalis detected from cattle grazing in Kumamoto and Okinawa prefectures of Japan","volume":"73","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102078","article-title":"Theileria and Babesia infection in cattle\u2013First molecular survey in Kazakhstan","volume":"14","author":"Kuibagarov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1106-9","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Theileria species and Anaplasma marginale isolated from cattle in Kenya","volume":"8","author":"Moumouni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02902-0","article-title":"Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan Brahman cattle","volume":"17","author":"Agina","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.040","article-title":"The first survey of Theileria orientalis infection in Mongolian cattle","volume":"182","author":"Altangerel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.04.009","article-title":"Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine Theileria orientalis in Myanmar","volume":"63","author":"Bawm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2015.1090355","article-title":"Investigation of the index case herd and identification of the genotypes of Theileria orientalis associated with outbreaks of bovine anaemia in New Zealand in 2012","volume":"64","author":"Pulford","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.11.005","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of Theileria orientalis in imported and native bovines from Pakistan","volume":"47","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.05.019","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological survey and genetic analysis of vector-borne infections of cattle in Luzon Island, the Philippines","volume":"212","author":"Ochirkhuu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040678","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Babesia and Theileria in cattle and water buffaloes from southern Luzon, Philippines","volume":"10","author":"Prado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101835","article-title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Theileria sp. parasites detected in cattle from the Moscow region of Russia","volume":"13","author":"Kovalchuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.04.038","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of benign Theileria species based on major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) genes from ticks of grazing cattle in Korea","volume":"189","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5316-7","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in the Republic of Korea","volume":"116","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2042-2","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against Theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090768","article-title":"Genetic diversity of bovine hemoprotozoa in South Korea","volume":"9","author":"Kwak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8050728","article-title":"Genotypic analysis of piroplasms and associated pathogens from ticks infesting cattle in Korea","volume":"8","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.014","article-title":"A PCR-based survey of selected Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle in Sri Lanka","volume":"190","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.11.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity within Theileria orientalis parasites detected in Sri Lankan cattle","volume":"4","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.11.029","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Babesia and Theileria parasites in water buffaloes in Sri Lanka","volume":"200","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.03.004","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of hemoprotozoan parasites in cattle from low-country wet zone in Sri Lanka","volume":"71","author":"Gunasekara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.133","article-title":"Survey of benign Theileria parasites of cattle and buffaloes in Thailand using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction of major piroplasm surface protein gene","volume":"65","author":"Sarataphan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2846.1","article-title":"Molecular prevalence of different genotypes of Theileria orientalis detected from cattle and water buffaloes in Thailand","volume":"97","author":"Altangerel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.10.005","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of bovine Babesia spp. and Theileria orientalis parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern Thailand","volume":"65","author":"Jirapattharasate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5345-2","article-title":"Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle in Thailand","volume":"116","author":"Jirapattharasate","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040477","article-title":"Molecular detection and genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens in goats from the southern part of Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Udonsom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.09.008","article-title":"Molecular detection and genetic identification of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Anaplasma marginale in Turkey","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0099","article-title":"Epidemiology of bovine hemoprotozoa parasites in cattle and water buffalo in Vietnam","volume":"78","author":"Weerasooriya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002328","article-title":"An outbreak of oriental theileriosis in dairy cattle imported to Vietnam from Australia","volume":"144","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201200082","article-title":"Mutation scanning\u2010based analysis of Theileria orientalis populations in cattle following an outbreak","volume":"33","author":"Cufos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.09.007","article-title":"Theileria orientalis MPSP types in Australian cattle herds associated with outbreaks of clinical disease and their association with clinical pathology findings","volume":"191","author":"Eamens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.059","article-title":"Significance of Theileria orientalis types in individual affected beef herds in New South Wales based on clinical, smear and PCR findings","volume":"196","author":"Eamens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.03.017","article-title":"Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle","volume":"32","author":"Jenkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12415","article-title":"Prevalence of Theileria orientalis types in beef cattle herds on the North Coast of New South Wales","volume":"94","author":"Proctor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1738450","article-title":"Molecular, epidemiological and haematological evaluation in Theileria orientalis infected cattle from an endemic region in India","volume":"32","author":"Selim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0056","article-title":"Dynamics of Theileria orientalis genotype population in cattle in a year-round grazing system","volume":"61","author":"Masatani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101185","article-title":"Detection of Theileria orientalis genotypes from cattle in Kyrgyzstan","volume":"11","author":"Ozubek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2015.1090892","article-title":"Application of quantitative PCR assays for diagnosing Ikeda and other Theileria orientalis types to examine associations between severity of anaemia and parasitaemia in bovine anaemia outbreaks","volume":"64","author":"Gias","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.05.015","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Theileria orientalis from cattle in Turkey","volume":"65","author":"\u00d6z\u00fcbek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.190088","article-title":"Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype in cattle, Virginia, USA","volume":"25","author":"Oakes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101450","article-title":"Theileria orientalis Ikeda in host-seeking Haemaphysalis longicornis in Virginia, USA","volume":"11","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111353","article-title":"Distribution of Theileria orientalis in virginia market cattle, 2018\u20132020","volume":"11","author":"Telionis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06557-7","article-title":"An appraisal of oriental theileriosis and the Theileria orientalis complex, with an emphasis on diagnosis and genetic characterisation","volume":"119","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0480","first-page":"31","article-title":"Oriental theileriosis. Ticks tick borne pathogens","volume":"1","author":"Yam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intech Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101187","article-title":"Epidemiology and transmission of Theileria orientalis in Australasia","volume":"12","author":"Lakew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0318-8","article-title":"Pathogenic genotype of major piroplasm surface protein associated with anemia in Theileria orientalis infection in cattle","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.08.002","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Theileria orientalis causing fatal infection in crossbred adult bovines of South India","volume":"60","author":"Aparna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101135","article-title":"characterisation of the Theileria orientalis piroplasm proteome across three common genotypes","volume":"11","author":"Jenkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.07.013","article-title":"Evolution and genetic diversity of Theileria","volume":"27","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3803-2","article-title":"Genetic diversity, natural selection and haplotype grouping of Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein genes from eastern and western Myanmar borders","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00472-06","article-title":"Extensive genotypic diversity in a recombining population of the apicomplexan parasite Theileria parva","volume":"74","author":"Katzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1205","article-title":"Sounds of silence: synonymous nucleotides as a key to biological regulation and complexity","volume":"41","author":"Shabalina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00332","article-title":"A gene-based positive selection detection approach to identify vaccine candidates using Toxoplasma gondii as a test case protozoan pathogen","volume":"9","author":"Goodswen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.03.010","article-title":"Rapidly evolving genes in pathogens: methods for detecting positive selection and examples among fungi, bacteria, viruses and protists","volume":"9","author":"Aguileta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585","article-title":"Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism","volume":"123","author":"Tajima","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.4.1261","article-title":"Maximum likelihood estimation of population parameters","volume":"134","author":"Fu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/147.2.915","article-title":"Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection","volume":"147","author":"Fu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091153","article-title":"Approaches to integrated parasite management (IPM) for Theileria orientalis with an emphasis on immunity","volume":"10","author":"Emery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102535","article-title":"Analyses of the binding between Theileria orientalis major piroplasm surface proteins and bovine red blood cells","volume":"175","author":"Takemae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.52.631","article-title":"Protective effect against intraerythrocytic merozoites of Theileria sergenti infection in calves by passive transfer of monoclonal antibody","volume":"52","author":"Tanaka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nihon Juigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1992.30.3.201","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of solubilized merozoite-enriched Theileria sergenti immunogens. II: Protection against natural exposure under field conditions","volume":"30","author":"Baek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.895","article-title":"Epitope-mapping of antigen-specific T lymphocyte in cattle immunized with recombinant major piroplasm surface protein of Theileria sergenti","volume":"63","author":"Kakuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.038","article-title":"Generation of IFN-\u03b3-producing cells that recognize the major piroplasm surface protein in Theileria orientalis-infected bovines","volume":"171","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109532","article-title":"Merozoites of Theileria orientalis buffeli reduce the parasitaemia of T. orientalis ikeda following tick challenge","volume":"298","author":"Emery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4701-2","article-title":"Analysis of Theileria orientalis draft genome sequences reveals potential species-level divergence of the Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli genotypes","volume":"19","author":"Bogema","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11070801","article-title":"Complete genomes of Theileria orientalis chitose and buffeli genotypes reveal within species translocations and differences in ABC transporter content","volume":"11","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"}],"container-title":["Parasitology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138357692500011X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138357692500011X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T17:40:36Z","timestamp":1739814036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S138357692500011X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["S138357692500011X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the global Theileria orientalis isolates inferred from MPSP gene sequences","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parasitology International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2025.103038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103038"}}